hemoglobin! Hemoglobin by Raman Kumar! hemoglobin #hematology #medical!#neet2023 #pathologylab

what causes high or low hemoglobin? Hemoglobin by Raman Kumar People ask / video review hemoglobin hemoglobin kitna hona chahiye hemoglobin normal range hemoglobin kya hai hemoglobin level hemoglobin structure what is the normal hemoglobin level? what causes high or low hemoglobin? Hemoglobin (heme +globin):- It is composed of Heme (iron+protoporphyrin) and Globin polypeptide chains. Hemoglobin is a large complex protein containing a globular protein (globin) and a pigmented iron containing complex called heme. Each Hb molecule contains four globin chains and four heme units, each with an oxygen molecule, this means that a single Hb molecule can carry upto four molecule of oxygen. Hb binds reversibly to oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin , according to the equation. Hemoglobin + oxygen – oxyhemoglobin Hb + O2 - HbO As the oxygen content of blood increases , it color changes too. Blood rich in oxygen is bright red because of the high levels of oxyhemoglobin it contains, compared with blood with low oxygen level , which is dark bluish in color in color because it is not saturated. Hemoglobin carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs. Types of hemoglobin :- Normal hemoglobin :- there are variety of normal human hemoglobin. Which are made of four subunits of polypeptide (amino acid/ protein). The polypeptides subunits are made of different combination of five different polypeptide chain, Alpha, Bita, Gama, Lambda, Epsilon. HbA2 :- Hemoglobin Alpha – 2 also known as HbA2 gene. That is human Coad for Alpha globin chain of hemoglobin. Fetal hemoglobin (HbF):- It is also cold Alpha2, lambda2 Hb means is that Hb have alpha2 or lembda2 chain. This Hb mean work is O2 transport in the human fitters during the last7 month of development in the uterus. HbA :- this Hb is also know as adult Hb. This type of Hb have alpha2 or bita2 chain. Reference ranges for hemoglobin ( world health Organization) are as follow. Adult males : 13.0-17.0 g/dl Adult female : 12.0-14.0 g/dl Female (pregnant): 11.0- 14.0 g/dl Children 6-12y : 11.5- 15.5 g/dl children 6 month - 6 y: 11.0-14 g/dl At birth (full term ) : 13.6- 19.6 g/dl Indication for hemoglobin estimation :- To determine presence and severity of anemia :- Anemia refer to low hemoglobin concentration or oxygen carrying capacity of blood. Clinical signs of anemia (pallor of skin , conjunctival vessels, or mucous membranes )are unreliable for diagnosis of anemia. Screening for polycythemia : polycythemia refers to increased hemoglobin level above the normal range. Selection of blood donors. To assess response to specific therapy in anemia. hemoglobin haemoglobin hemoglobin normal range hemoglobin normal level what is hemoglobin? hemoglobin#hematology #medical #pathology #biology #medicalstudent #medical education #medicalstuff hemoglobin

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