Nervous system.autonomic nervous system.central nervous system

Nervous system.autonomic nervous system.central nervous system. autonomic nervous system pharmacology. parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system. parasympathetic nervous system. peripheral nervous system. pharmacology autonomic nervous system. sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. sympathetic nervous system anatomy. sympathetic nervous system pathway. sympathetic nervous system pharmacology. Introduction to the central nervous system (CNS) The nervous system is a complex network of nerves and cells that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body. The proper functioning of these nerves ensures that each organ system, such as the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and immune systems, can adequately communicate with one another. The nervous system includes the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is made up of the brain and spinal cord, whereas the PNS is made up of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. The brain On average, the brain weighs between 1.3 to 1.4 kg, with about 60% of the brain consisting of fat. The remaining 40% of the brain consists of protein, water, carbohydrates, and salts. The brain can be divided into four distinct regions: the brainstem, cerebrum, cerebellum, and diencephalon. Taken together, these different areas of the brain control thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, hunger, temperature, and all other processes that occur within the body. The brain consists of both gray and white matter. Gray matter, which is darker in color and surrounds white matter, consists of neuron somas, and round central cell bodies. Conversely, white matter, which is lighter in color and comprises the inner portion of the brain, is primarily made up of axons, the long stems that connect neurons. The brainstem The brainstem, located in the middle of the brain, is the stalk-like part of the brain that connects the brain to the spinal cord and is only about one inch long. This region regulates essential functions such as blood pressure, breathing, heart rhythms, and swallowing. The brainstem can be further subdivided into the midbrain, pons, and medulla. The midbrain, otherwise known as the mesencephalon, is crucial for regulating eye movements, emotions, hearing, and long-term memory. Notably, the substantia nigra, rich in dopamine neurons, is located within the midbrain and is often affected by Parkinson's disease. The pons is the starting location for four of the 12 cranial nerves. Some of the different functions regulated by the pons include facial movements, hearing, breathing, and balance. The medulla is located at the bottom of the brainstem where the brain and spinal cord meet. This region of the brainstem regulates breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. Additionally, the medulla maintains reflective activities such as sneezing, vomiting, coughing, and swallowing. The cerebrum The cerebrum is the most significant part of the brain and is lined by a deeply folded layer of nerve tissue called the cerebral cortex. Located at the front of the brain, the cerebrum is divided into the right and left cerebral hemispheres, both connected by the corpus callosum. cerebellum The cerebellum is located beneath the temporal and occipital lobes and above the brainstem. The cerebrum is responsible for regulating voluntary motor function, coordination, and balance. Recent studies have indicated that the cerebellum may also be involved in thought, emotions, and social behaviors, as well as the pathophysiology of addiction, autism, and schizophrenia. The diencephalon The diencephalon includes the thalamus and hypothalamus. The thalamus is a relay center for sensory data, whereas the hypothalamus transmits hormonal signals to the body through the pituitary gland. spinal cord The spinal cord is a long tube-like structure that extends from the brain. The spinal cord can be classified into cervical, thoracic, and lumbar areas located in the neck, chest, and lower back. A total of 31 pairs of nerves and nerve roots comprise the spinal cord. The spinal cord region from which a pair of spinal nerves originates is called the spinal segment.  #nervoussystem #cns #pns #sensrynerve #motornerves #neuron #dr #jj #shortvideo #shortsfeed #shortsvideo osmosis Nabil Ebraheim Khan Academy Medicine Strong Medicine Lecturio Medical Videos #JJ MEdicine #Armando Hasudungans #Havard Medical School Medcram Videos #Dr Najeeb Lectures Healthcare Triage Interactive Biology YouTube Channel id: https://youtube.com/@creativemedicalstudio Facebook profile id: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100063534055778&mibextid=ZbWKwL Facebook page id: https://www.facebook.com/TIMSTangi?mibextid=ZbWKwL TikTok id: tiktok.com/@creative_medical_studio Instagram id: https://instagram.com/creativemedicalstudio?igshid=ZGUzMzM3NWJiOQ==

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