Difference Between Phloem and Xylem Tissue Class 10 Biology | Life Processes

Composition: Phloem is composed of living cells, while xylem is composed of dead cells. The living cells in phloem include sieve tubes, companion cells, fibres, and parenchyma cells. In contrast, xylem is made up of vessel elements, tracheids, fibres, and parenchyma cells. Function: Phloem transports organic nutrients, such as sugars, amino acids, and hormones, from the site of production to the rest of the plant. Xylem, on the other hand, primarily transports water, dissolved minerals, and some organic molecules from the roots to the rest of the plant. Direction of Flow: Phloem transports materials bidirectionally, both upward and downward depending on the plant's needs. Xylem primarily transports water and minerals unidirectionally, from the roots towards the shoots and leaves. Cell Specialisation: Phloem contains specialised cells called sieve tube elements, which are long, cylindrical cells with perforated end walls (sieve plates). These sieve plates allow for the movement of materials between adjacent cells. In contrast, xylem consists of vessel elements and/or tracheids that are interconnected to form long tubes or vessels for efficient water transport. Structure: Phloem is a relatively soft tissue and is found on the outer side of the vascular bundle. Xylem, on the other hand, is a more rigid tissue and is located on the inner side of the vascular bundle.

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