Neuroanatomy : The Human Brain

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The human forebrain is made of two hemispheres almost symmetrical, left and right. And a diencephalon, a medial and single part that includes the thalamus and the hypothalamus.
The two cerebral hemispheres are connected by commissural pathways, the biggest is the corpus callosum with more than 200 million fibers crossing from one side to the other.
Each cerebral hemisphere is divided into two distinct regions: a peripheral part, the cortex "gray matter" containing the bodies of nerve cells, and a central part, made of white matter that contains axonal extension of neurons and their myelin sheath.
Each hemisphere is cut by deep fissures that define lobes. The first is the lateral sulcus or Sylvian fissure, where lies the middle cerebral artery, it separates the frontal lobe of the temporal lobe. The second is the central sulcus or fissure of Rolando, between the frontal lobe and the parietal lobe. The third sulcus is the parieto-occipital sulcus, separating the occipital lobe from the temporal and parietal lobes.
In addition there is a fifth lobe, non visible on the surface: the lobe of the insula, found by removing the Sylvian fissure.
In each lobe, there are less deep sulci that delimit the ridges on the cerebral cortex we call gyri.

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