Vernacular House in India 2020

vernacular house in India 2020
Importance of Vernacular Architecture
Vernacular architecture is an architectural style which reflects local traditions. It is designed based on the local needs and availability of construction materials locally. The term “vernacular” initiated in 1800 as a concept. It originated when the people were forced to use natural resources as a shelter, in response to the climate. It is the simplest form for addressing human needs. It is a type of architecture which is indigenous to a specific time and place and is not copied or replicated from anywhere and uses handmade old construction practices. It puts an emphasis on sustainability, on using materials ensuring the home which stays cooler from inside without the need of power intensive air-conditioning. It includes the basic green architectural principles of energy efficiency and using the materials in the proximity of the site.

In the modern world, vernacular strategies need to be applied to modern architecture. The architectural design for home is incorporated as a vernacular style in contemporary forms. Many of the sustainable architectural design principles depend on references to vernacular architecture.
Indian Vernacular Houses
01. Warli House
Traditional Housing With Bamboo: They are the traditional buildings of the northeastern region. The topography of this region consists of plains, mountains and frequent flood-affected areas. Here, bamboo is primarily used for the load distributing structures. The walls of the house are prepared by mud, bamboo, and cow-dung as materials for construction. The flooring and roofing is also done from bamboo.
02. Bhunga
It is the traditional house of Rajasthan and Kutch. It is built very strong such that it can even withstand large earthquakes. They are climate responsive structures. These structures have a circular form which ensures minimum expose to the extremely hot and dry desert. The structure is built using materials like mud for walls and thatch for the roof. The interiors are aesthetically decorated with mirror work patterns. It is constructed using locally available materials like clay, bamboo, straw, timber, etc. Structurally the roof is placed on two thick wooden posts placed across circular walls. The two posts bear the weight of the roof. The thick walls provide thermal comfort. Wooden frames are set at a lower level for cross ventilation. The thatched roof is built on the top of the walls which rest on a spiral frame forming a cone resting on the walls
03. Assam Type Houses
They are found in the northeast Indian state of Assam and nearby areas. They are usually single-storied houses and do not have common walls with adjacent buildings. The houses are built to withstand earthquakes. The houses are made from different materials like wood, bamboo and reed mesh (locally called ikora) and plaster set in a wooden framework. They have a light tin roof and wooden floors that are earthquake resistant. The buildings are light and flexible. It is indigenous and inexpensive. They withstand frequent disasters like earthquakes, landslides, floods, etc. which would result in fewer casualties as compared to R.C.C. constructions. They are environment-friendly.

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