FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS | LEC 3 REVISE | BASIC STRUCTURE DOCTRINE | KESAVANANDA BHARTI CASE | UPSC POLITY

Basic Structure Doctrine, its evolution through landmark cases like Kesavananda Bharati, Shankari Prasad, Golaknath, and its relevance to Fundamental Rights and the first CAA Act

🧱 Basic Structure Doctrine: Foundation of Constitutional Integrity
The Basic Structure Doctrine asserts that certain fundamental features of the Indian Constitution cannot be altered by Parliament through amendments. This doctrine was crystallized in the Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973).

⚖️ Landmark Cases That Shaped the Doctrine
1. Shankari Prasad Case (1951)
Upheld Parliament’s power to amend Fundamental Rights under Article 368.

No mention of a “basic structure” yet.

2. Golaknath Case (1967)
Reversed Shankari Prasad; ruled that Parliament cannot amend Fundamental Rights.

Sparked debate on constitutional limits.

3. Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973)
Historic 13-judge bench ruled Parliament can amend the Constitution but not its “basic structure.”

Introduced the doctrine formally
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