Security Best Practices for Anchor on Solana — Forge College

Worried that performance optimizations or compact account layouts introduce security risks? Applying security best practices early ensures your Anchor programs remain efficient and resilient without expensive redesigns.

In this lesson you will evaluate common vulnerability classes in Anchor-based Solana programs and map each to concrete, compute-aware mitigations you can implement today. We cover building a compact threat model for a single component (assets, trust boundaries, attacker capabilities), using Anchor's declarative validations to reduce runtime cost, and when to apply manual input validation and sanitization. You will learn authority and authorization patterns using PDAs, signer assertions, and cross-account consistency checks, plus secure data-handling choices tied to packed versus explicit layouts and reallocation rules. Finally, the lesson teaches how to design auditability and automated tests that exercise optimized code paths and produces a concise security checklist you can run before code freeze.

Who this is for: Beginner Solana developers who already understand basic Anchor constructs and have built or optimized program components. This lesson is introductory-level but focused on practical, testable patterns you can apply immediately.

Key topics covered:
- Compact threat modeling: assets, trust boundaries, likely attacker capabilities
- Common vulnerability classes in Anchor and low-cost mitigations
- Input validation and sanitization with Anchor constraints and manual checks
- Authority and authorization: PDAs, signer assertions, cross-account checks
- Compute-aware checks, account layout implications, and safe reallocation
- Auditability and automated test ideas plus a security checklist for deployment

Create your threat model and checklist now and harden your project with patterns that respect compute budgets and data-layout decisions. Learn more and get resources at: https://www.forge.college/

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