How to reuse Washing Machine Motors [Arduino vs Basic Triac control]

Four different methods to reuse and control universal motors from old washing machines. These motors are known as ‘universal motors’ because the can be driven with both AC and DC current. We look at how to bench test the motors in the first circuit, before having a look at the second, a classic triac based control circuit that has been used in industry for decades.

The video shows how to adjust the speed of the motor and how to improve the classic triac based circuit by rectifying the output and driving the motor with direct current. The gives MUCH better speed regulation, for workshop type applications where the load will vary (eg. when the motor is used to drive a small lathe, disc sander or pillar drill).
The third circuit is one I haven’t tried yet, that builds on the previous circuit. It adds another, more sensitive trica that apparently helps the consistent triggering of the main power triac. Further reading on this circuit here: http://educypedia.karadimov.info/library/CD00003856.pdf

In the fourth circuit we look at how to control the washing machine motor with an Arduino. Here we are using a PID based algorithm and a closed loop system that adjusts based on the speed it senses from the motors tachometer. This is the system I am built into the multi-purpose rotary machine https://youtu.be/ZobI7CkqRRA?list=PL95ElZTgRGGtfYfXss1VESNmEvzn5y3Nf
I have been making. The control system uses the Arduino library written by Brett Beauregard https://playground.arduino.cc/Code/PIDLibrary/ , and circuit by Saulius Bandzevičius http://motor.run/hackster7

A components list to go with the fourth circuit diagram (the Arduino one) can be found here https://www.instructables.com/id/Multi-Purpose-Rotary-Machine-Mulling-Welding-Potte/#step21 as well as a load of other build details.

A parts list for the second circuit is here: https://www.instructables.com/id/Make-your-own-Lathe-from-other-peoples-rubbish/#step3

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Quick Links to Tables and Circuit Diagrams:
01:04 Table showing Typical connections on a Universal Motor (armature, field windings, tachometer, temp cut out)
02:27 1st circuit to power and test motor at mains voltage - no control, but limits RPM.
03:35 2nd Washing machine control circuit schematic using simple triac speed regulation.
04:03 Diagram of AC waveform and triac control firing.
05:49 Circuit diagram of improved speed regulation triac motor control. Uses a direct current low voltage supply to energize the motor’s filed winding, and rectified triac output to power the armature.
07:10 The 3rd Control Circuit: an untested improvement that uses an extra, more sensitive triac to send a pulse train to triac T1 once the diac’s break over voltage is reached. See here for more details on this circuit: http://educypedia.karadimov.info/library/CD00003856.pdf
10:37 The 4th diagram: Bandzevičius’ circuit diagram of Arduino based universal motor control. This uses closed loop speed regulation.
10:57 The motor control module of the Arduino control circuit. How the arduino triggers the power triac.
11:40 Relay control section of the Arduino circuit.
12:11 Rotary encoder speed adjustment diagram.
12:40 The LCD diagram part of the Arduino system. This displays the Real RPM and the RPM we want the motor to be spinning at.
13:00 The tachometer pulse detection circuit. This inputs to the arduino the actual RPM of the motor so that the PID algorithm can work out how much current to send to the motor.
13:24 LM393 comparator pinout diagram.
13:56 The zero cross detection circuit. This detects when the AC waveform passes through zero volts – something the Arduino needs to know to properly time the triac triggering.
14:22 PC817 photo coupler chip pinout. Used to isolate the Arduino from mains voltage.

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WARNING: these circuits use mains voltage, which can kill. Only attempt these circuits if you are a competent person in this area.

Music:
"Tachanka Machine Gun Cart Russia" by Leon Lishner and Friends CC BY SA 3.0

Видео How to reuse Washing Machine Motors [Arduino vs Basic Triac control] канала FloweringElbow