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Phobos (moon) Satellite
Phobos (Mars I) is the innermost and larger of the two natural satellites of Mars, the other being Deimos.
The two moons were discovered in 1877 by American astronomer Asaph Hall. Phobos is named after the Greek god of fear and panic, who is the son of Ares (Mars) and twin brother of Deimos.

Discovery
Discovered by : Asaph Hall
Discovery date : 18 August 1877
Designations
Designation : Mars I
Pronunciation : /'foubps/or /'foubǝs/
Named after : Fear
Adjectives : Phobian /'foubiǝn/
Symbol : (rare)
Orbital characteristics
Epoch J2000
Periapsis : 9234.42 km
Apoapsis : 9 517.58 km
Semi-major axis : 9376 km (2.76 Mars radii/1.472 Earth radii)
Eccentricity : 0.0151
Orbital period (sidereal) : 0.318 910 23 d
(7 h 39 m 12 s)
Average orbital speed : 2,138 km/s
Inclination : 1.093° (to Mars's equator)
0.046° (to local Laplace plane)
26.04° (to the ecliptic)
Satellite of : Mars
Physical characteristics
Dimensions : 25.90 km x 22.60 km x 18.32 km (± 0.08 km x 0.08 km x 0.06 km)
Mean radius : 11.08 ±0.04 km
Surface area 1640 ± 8 km²
Volume : 5695 ± 32 km³
Mass : 1.060 x 1016 kg
Mean density : 1.861 ±0.011 g/cm³
Surface gravity : 0.0057 m/s2(581.4 µg)
Escape velocity : 11.39 m/s (41 km/h)
Synodic rotation period : Synchronous
Equatorial rotation velocity11.0 km/h (6.8 mph) (at longest axis)
Axial tilt : 0°
Albedo : 0.071 ± 0.012 at 0.54 µm
Temperature : ≈ 233 K
Apparent magnitude : 11.8

Phobos is a small
Surface Volume Mass irregularly shaped object with a mean radius of 11 km (7 mi). It orbits 6,000 km (3,700 mi) from the Martian surface, closer to its primary body than any other known natural satellite to a planet. It orbits Mars much faster than Mars rotates and completes an orbit in just 7 hours and 39 minutes. As a result, from the surface of Mars it appears to rise in the west, move across the sky in 4 hours and 15 minutes or less, and set in the east, twice each Martian day. Phobos is one of the least reflective bodies in the Solar System, with an albedo of 0.071. Surface temperatures range from about -4 °C (25 °F) on the sunlit side to -112 °C (-170 °F) on the shadowed side. The notable surface feature is the large impact crater Stickney, which takes up a substantial proportion of the moon's surface. The surface is also marked by many grooves, and there are numerous theories as to how Axial tilt Albedo 0

Phobos is a small,
25.90 km x 22.60 km 18.32 km (20.08 km 0.08 km 0.06 km) Volume Mass irregularly shaped object with a mean radius of 11 km (7 mi). It orbits 6,000 km (3,700 mi) from the Martian surface, closer to its primary body than any other known natural satellite to a planet. It orbits Mars much faster than Mars rotates and completes an orbit in just 7 hours and 39 minutes. As a result, from the surface of Mars it appears to rise in the west, move across the sky in 4 hours and 15 minutes or less, and set in the east, twice each Martian day. Phobos is one of the least reflective bodies in the Solar System, with an albedo of 0.071. Surface temperatures range from about -4 °C (25 °F) on the sunlit side to -112 °C (-170 °F) on the shadowed side. The notable surface feature is the large impact crater Stickney, which takes up a substantial proportion of the moon's surface. The surface is also marked by many grooves, and there are numerous theories as to how these grooves were formed. Images and models indicate that Phobos may be a rubble pile held together by a thin crust that is being torn apart by tidal interactions. Phobos gets closer to Mars by about 2 centimetres (0.79 in) per year.

Discovery and etymology
History of the moons of Mars
Phobos was discovered by the American astronomer Asaph Hall on 18 August 1877 at the United States Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C., at about 09:14 Greenwich Mean Time. (Contemporary sources, using the pre-1925 astronomical convention that began the day at noon, give the time of discovery as 17 August at 16:06 Washington Mean Time, meaning 18 August 04:06 in the modern convention.) Hall had discovered Deimos, Mars' other moon, a few days earlier. The discoveries were made using the world's largest refracting telescope, the 26-inch "Great Equatorial".

The names, originally spelled Phobus and Deimus respectively, were suggested by the British academic Henry Madan, a science master at Eton College, who based them on Greek mythology, in which Phobos is a companion to the god, Ares.
Planetary moons other than Earth's were never given symbols in the astronomical literature. Denis Moskowitz, a software engineer who designed most of the dwarf planet symbols, proposed a Greek phi (the initial of Phobos) combined with Mars' spear as the symbol of Phobos This symbol is not widely used.
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