oracle date format picture ends before converting entire input string

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## Oracle Date Format Picture Ends Before Converting Entire Input String: A Deep Dive

This error in Oracle occurs when you try to convert a string to a date using a `TO_DATE` function (or implicitly within an insert statement) where the format mask (the format picture) provided in the `TO_DATE` function doesn't completely cover the input string. Oracle expects the format mask to fully account for every character in the string you're trying to convert.

Let's break down the error, explore the common causes, and provide solutions with code examples to help you understand and avoid this issue.

**Understanding the Error Message**

The error message `ORA-01830: date format picture ends before converting entire input string` is quite descriptive. It means:

* **ORA-01830:** This is the specific Oracle error code.
* **date format picture:** Refers to the format mask (e.g., 'YYYY-MM-DD', 'DD-MON-YYYY') used in the `TO_DATE` function.
* **ends before converting entire input string:** Highlights that the format mask doesn't account for all the characters present in the string you're trying to convert into a date.

**Common Causes**

1. **Missing Components in the Format Mask:**

This is the most frequent reason. The format mask simply doesn't include all the parts of the input string.

* **Example:** You provide the format 'YYYY-MM-DD' but the input string is '2023-10-26 10:30:00'. The format is missing the time components.

2. **Incorrect Delimiters:**

The format mask must match the delimiters used in the input string.

* **Example:** You provide the format 'YYYY/MM/DD' but the input string is '2023-10-26'. The forward slashes in the format don't match the hyphens in the input.

3. **Extra Characters in the Input String:**

The input string contains characters that aren't covered by the format mask.

* **Example:** You provide the format 'DD-MON-YYYY' but the input string is '26-OCT-2023 Extra text'.

4. **Implicit Date Conversions and Default Form ...

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