India's Hypersonic Missile program in detail

ISRO’s Scramjet Engine
BrahMos-II
The BrahMos-II is supposed to be powered by an Air Breathing scramjet engine. Its been also speculated that the Russian TSIRKON missile technology might be used in Brahmos 2. Although BrahMos II was initially intended to be fielded in 2017, news reports indicate that the program faces significant delays and is now scheduled to achieve initial operational capability between 2025 and 2028.

Rudram-3

DRDO is also developing the RUDRAM-3 which is a hypersonic aeroballistic missile. The missile will have a Length of 6m, Diameter of 0.5m and will weigh close to 1.6 tons with maximum speed of Mach 5. Its range will be between 500-1000KM. The missile is designed to destroy the hardened Nuclear facilities, military installation, anti-ship role. The missile would be capable of carrying warhead of 200KG. It can be considered as an air launched ballistic missile like Russian Kinzhal missile. Much of the details on the Rudram-3 remain under the curtain.

HSTDV

India is also developing an indigenous, dual-capable hypersonic cruise missile as part of its Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle program and successfully tested a Mach 6 scramjet in June 2019 and September 2020. HSTDV is an unmanned scramjet vehicle with a capability to travel at a speed six times that of sound. In the test conducted by DRDO in 2020, it was able to successfully demonstrate the hypersonic air-breathing scramjet technology with the flight test of HSTDV. The hypersonic cruise vehicle was launched using a proven solid rocket motor, which took it to an altitude of 30KMs, where the aerodynamic heat shields were separated at hypersonic Mach number. The cruise vehicle separated from the launch vehicle and the air intake opened as planned. The hypersonic combustion sustained for more than 20 seconds, and the cruise vehicle continued on its desired flight path at a velocity of Mach 6 or nearly 02 km/second. In summary the scramjet engine was flight tested for 20 seconds achieving the speed of Mach 6.

Shaurya Missile

With the induction of Shaurya in October 2020, India became 3rd country after Russia and China to have deployed Hypersonic weapon. It is a cannister launched hypersonic surface-to-surface ballistic missile developed by DRDO & has a reported range between 700 to 1900km. The missile is capable of carrying nuclear as well as conventional warhead varying from 250kg to 1 tonne.

It is also speculated as the land version of submarine launched Sagarika K-15 missile though officially it has been denied by DRDO. Shaurya falls into Hypersonic missile category due to its pseudo ballistic trajectory. After taking off and reaching a height of about 50 km, the missile starts flying like a hypersonic glide vehicle. Once it reaches the target area it manoeuvres towards the target before striking with an accuracy of 20 to 30 m within the target area.

Hypersonic Glide Vehicle HGV202F

This month Ministry of Defence has put Hypersonic Glide Vehicle under make-I category which means it will fund up to 70% of total cost of development of the prototype. This opens the door for the private firms towards the development of Hypersonic technologies. At present, the HTNP industries is the only start-up working on the Hypersonic glider called the HGV202F. Hypersonic Glide Vehicle (HGV), HGV-202F is mounted on a booster rocket (or an ICBM). Like a payload on a conventional rocket, the booster takes it to the required altitude in the range of 60 to 100+ Km and provides the initial orientation and speed. The HGV then abandons the expended booster and renters the atmosphere. And performs a high-degree Pull-up maneuver to enter the glide phase and finally the terminal trajectory. HGV-202F is an unpowered gliding body and uses aerodynamic forces to glide towards the target with a speed of Mach 10+ (or 5km/sec) five times the existing cruise missiles and much more maneuverable than existing ballistic re-entry vehicles (RVs). HTNP industries have also presented a mockup of the HGV 202F at Aero India 2021.
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