The Peculiar Logic of Human Values

Ray Jackendoff, External Professor, Santa Fe Institute
February 13, 2008

How do humans conceptualize systems of value? Value can be thought of as an abstract property attributed to objects, persons, and actions. There are several distinct types of value: affective value, utility, normative value, personal normative value, and esteem. Values also can be differentiated as subjective verses objective. Several important inferences drive the interaction of multiple values in determining one's course of action and one's expectations of others' actions. These are reflected in our understanding of such notions as fairness, reciprocity, restitution, honoring, shaming, and apology.

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