Pilocarpine

**Carbachol Pharmacology Overview:**

- **Action:**
- **Cholinergic Agonist:** Mimics the effects of acetylcholine.
- **Muscarinic and Nicotinic Effects:** Activates both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.
- **Smooth Muscle Stimulation:** Particularly affects smooth muscle, leading to contraction.

- **Mechanism of Action:**
- **Direct Agonist:** Binds and activates muscarinic receptors directly.
- **Increased Acetylcholine Activity:** Enhances cholinergic neurotransmission.
- **Stimulates G-protein Coupled Receptors:** Activates G-protein coupled receptors, leading to various cellular responses.

- **Clinical Uses:**
- **Ophthalmology:** Used in eye surgery to induce miosis.
- **Glaucoma Treatment:** Facilitates aqueous humor outflow, reducing intraocular pressure.
- **Bladder Dysfunction:** Applied in the treatment of urinary retention.

- **Adverse Effects:**
- **Systemic Effects:** Excessive stimulation of muscarinic receptors can lead to systemic side effects.
- **Cardiovascular Effects:** Potential for bradycardia and hypotension.
- **Gastrointestinal Distress:** Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea in some cases.

Видео Pilocarpine канала Dr. Samad Hashim