15 c advanced iii functors and lambda

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Okay, let's dive deep into the fascinating world of functors and lambda expressions in C++11 and beyond, focusing on advanced techniques. This tutorial will build incrementally, ensuring you understand the core concepts before moving to more complex applications.

**Outline:**

1. **Introduction to Functors (Function Objects)**
* What are functors?
* Why use functors?
* Basic functor syntax.
* Functors vs. Function Pointers.

2. **Functors with State (Data Members)**
* Storing data within a functor.
* Modifying functor state through `operator()`.
* Functors as configurable algorithms.

3. **Generic Functors (Templates)**
* Creating functors that work with different data types.
* Using template parameters for flexibility.

4. **`std::function` - Type Erasure**
* Understanding type erasure.
* How `std::function` works.
* Storing different callable entities in `std::function`.
* Benefits and drawbacks of `std::function`.

5. **Introduction to Lambda Expressions**
* What are lambda expressions?
* Lambda expression syntax.
* Capturing variables by value and reference.
* Mutable lambdas.

6. **Lambda as Functors: Closure Objects**
* How lambda expressions are translated into functors.
* The closure object (anonymous functor).
* Understanding the generated `operator()`.

7. **Generic Lambdas (C++14)**
* Using `auto` in lambda parameter lists.
* Creating polymorphic lambdas.

8. **Higher-Order Functions and Functor/Lambda Composition**
* Functions that take functors or lambdas as arguments.
* Returning functors or lambdas from functions.
* Combining functors and lambdas to create complex behavior.

9. **`std::bind` - Partial Function Application**
* Understanding partial function application.
* Using `std::bind` to create new callable entities.
* Binding arguments to functions and member functions.
...

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