PHLOEM TRANSPORT FLOW FROM SOURCE TO SINK PART 01

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PHLOEM TRANSPORT FLOW FROM SOURCE TO SINK: Sucrose is transported by the vascular tissue - phloem, from source to a sink. Source is the part of plant which synthesises food - leaf. Sink - the part that needs or stores food. Source and Sink may reversed depending on the season. Sugar stored in the roots may be mobilised to become a source of food in the early spring when the buds of trees act as sink, they need energy for growth and development of the photosynthesis apparatus. Since the source - sink relation is variable; the direction of the movement of phloem can be upwards or downwards i.e. bidirectional.Food in phloem sap can be transported in any required direction so long as there is source of sugar & a sink able to store or remove the sugar.Phloem sap is mainly water & sucrose, but other sugars, hormones & amino acids are also transported or translocated through phloem. Pressure flow or Mass flow hypothesis:Translocation is a phenomenon of conduction of organic or inorganic solutes from one place to another. The mechanism of transport through phloem is not perfectly understood & the principal theories are the mass flow hypothesis.The most accepted mechanism for translocation of sugars from source to sink is called pressure flow hypothesis.The German physiologist MUNCH in 1930 formulated this hypothesis. This can be demonstrated by simple experiment. Two osmometers A & B joined by horizontal tube forming a closed system. The osmometer A has a membrane enclosing B. These are immersed in two tubes connected by a glass tube. Water enters both the osmometers but more water enters into A than B due to higher concentrated solution existing create greater suction force. But as turgor pressure increases in osmometer A, water will move through horizontal tube 'X' in to ostmometer B.Since the membrane is permeable only to water, water will be pressed out of B, so circulation of blood takes place from the tube in which B is present into the tube in which A is present through the connecting tube Y.

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