Know more Meningitis了解更多脑膜炎 (國語版本)

Know more Meningitis了解更多脑膜炎 

脑膜炎是大脑和脊髓周围的液体和膜发生感染和发炎。这些膜称为脑膜。脑膜炎引起的发炎通常会诱发头痛、发热和落枕等症状。

在美国，大多数脑膜炎病例是由病毒感染所致。但细菌、寄生虫和真菌感染也可能引起脑膜炎。有些脑膜炎病例即便未经治疗，也会在几周内好转。有些却可能导致死亡，且需要紧急抗生素治疗。

早期脑膜炎症状可能与流行性感冒相似。症状可能在几个小时或几天后出现。

2 岁以上患者可能出现的症状包括：突发高烧。落枕。剧烈头痛。恶心或呕吐。意识混乱或难以集中注意力。癫痫发作。嗜睡或行走困难。对光敏感。食欲不振或口渴。某些情况下会出现皮疹，如流行性脑脊髓膜炎。

新生儿和婴儿可能有以下症状：高热。持续哭闹。非常嗜睡或烦躁。难以从睡眠中醒来。不活跃或迟钝。未醒进食。进食不良。呕吐。婴儿头顶的柔软处隆起。身体和颈部僵硬。患有脑膜炎的婴儿可能很难安抚，甚至在抱着的时候哭得更厉害。

细菌性脑膜炎很严重，如果不及时使用抗生素治疗，几天内就会致命。治疗延迟还会增加永久性脑损伤的风险。

此外，如果您接触过脑膜炎患者（如家人、同住人员或同事），请务必告知医务人员。您可能需要服药来预防感染。

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Meningitis is an infection and inflammation of the fluid and membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. These membranes are called meninges. The inflammation caused by meningitis often causes symptoms such as headache, fever, and stiff neck.

In the United States, most cases of meningitis are caused by viruses. However, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal infections can also cause meningitis. Some cases of meningitis get better within a few weeks, even without treatment. Others can be fatal and require emergency antibiotic treatment.

Early symptoms of meningitis may be similar to those of the flu. Symptoms may develop over a few hours or days.

Symptoms that may occur in people older than 2 years include: Sudden high fever. Stiff neck. Severe headache. Nausea or vomiting. Confusion or difficulty concentrating. Seizures. Drowsiness or difficulty walking. Sensitivity to light. Loss of appetite or thirst. In some cases, a rash may occur, such as in meningococcal meningitis.

Newborns and infants may have the following symptoms: High fever. Continuous crying. Being very sleepy or irritable. Having trouble waking from sleep. Being inactive or sluggish.  Not waking to feed. Poor feeding. Vomiting. Bumps in the soft spot on top of the baby's head. Stiff body and neck. Babies with meningitis may be hard to comfort and may even cry more when held.

Bacterial meningitis is serious and can be fatal within a few days if not treated promptly with antibiotics. Delays in treatment also increase the risk of permanent brain damage.

Also, be sure to tell your healthcare provider if you've been around someone with meningitis (such as a family member, person you live with, or someone you work with). You may need to take medicine to prevent infection.

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