Determination of Swelling Index of Bentonite (HINDI) by Solution Pharmacy

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DETERMINATION SWELLING INDEX OF BENTONITE
Sodium Bentonite clay is widely known for its high swelling characteristics. Bentonite is a natural, colloidal, hydrated aluminium silicate that has been processed to remove grit and non-swelling components of the ore. It is under the category of pharmaceutical aid. Bentonite is insoluble in and does not swell in organic solvents. Bentonite swelling power is determined by various experimental procedures such as loading difference and conditions of wetting. Sometimes the property may vary on the water content, chemical composition which can be called as grades of bentonite. Other types of bentonite are sodium bentonite, calcium bentonite and potassium bentonite, of which the useful adsorbent is calcium bentonite used in fuller’s earth. A typical sodium bentonite clay has the ability to absorb 4-5 times its own weight in water and can swell 5 - 15 times its dry volume at full-unconfined saturation.
PROCEDURE
1. A 2g sample of dried and finely ground bentonite clay is dispersed into a 100 ml graduated cylinder of about 3cm in diameter in 0.1g increments.
2. A minimum of 10 minutes must pass between additions to allow for full hydration and settlement of the clay to the bottom of the cylinder.
3. These steps are followed until the entire 2g sample has been added to the cylinder.
4. The sample is then covered and protected from disturbances for a period of 16 - 24 hours, at which time the level of the settled and swollen clay is recorded to the nearest 0.5 ml.

Bentonite Specified Value:
While the sodium bentonite clay utilized meets a Swell Index in the range of 24 ml – 36 ml, the targeted minimum value is 24 ml /2 g.

Pharmaceutical uses
1. It can be used as a bulk laxative.
2. It can be used as a desiccant due to its adsorption properties.
3. Also can be used in battlefield wound dressings.
4. It is a pharmaceutical aid used as suspending agents and emulsifying agent.

CONCLUSION
The apparent volume of the sediment at the bottom of the cylinder has to be 24ml or more, and then the sample passes the test for swelling power of bentonite.

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