Learn about heart failure: causes, symptoms, prevention and effective management tips

1. Introduction

Brief definition of heart failure (HF)

Importance of understanding HF

Global prevalence and impact

2. What is Heart Failure?

Condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs

Types of heart failure:

Left-sided HF (systolic vs. diastolic)

Right-sided HF

Congestive HF

Common causes: coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy

3. Signs and Symptoms

Shortness of breath (dyspnea)

Fatigue and weakness

Swelling in legs, ankles, and abdomen (edema)

Rapid or irregular heartbeat

Persistent cough or wheezing

4. Diagnosis

Medical history and physical examination

Tests:

Echocardiogram

ECG (electrocardiogram)

Blood tests (BNP, NT-proBNP)

Chest X-ray

Cardiac MRI or CT scan

5. Management of Heart Failure

A. Lifestyle Modifications

Low-salt diet

Regular physical activity (as advised by a doctor)

Weight monitoring

Limit alcohol and quit smoking

B. Medications

ACE inhibitors / ARBs

Beta-blockers

Diuretics

Aldosterone antagonists

Digoxin (if indicated)

C. Advanced Therapies

Implantable devices (ICD, CRT)

Heart surgery or valve repair

Heart transplant in severe cases

D. Self-Care & Monitoring

Daily weight checks

Monitoring symptoms for early detection of worsening HF

Regular follow-ups with healthcare providers

6. Prevention

Control blood pressure and cholesterol

Healthy diet and exercise

Manage diabetes

Avoid alcohol and smoking

7. Conclusion

Early recognition improves outcomes

Combination of lifestyle, medication, and medical interventions is key

Encourage patients to stay proactive and follow medical advice

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