Replacing a LSAT Phrase & Maintaining Author Intent Using LawHub Reading Comprehension Drill Set 5

Watch MyGuru #lsat expert Stefan Maisnier engage in a targeted reread to proactively determine what a specifically highlighted phrase is in reference to using the free official resources of Reading Comprehension Drill Set 5 at lawhub.lsac.org, before engaging in an efficient process of elimination that considers the choices only against the relevant information.

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LSAC LawHub LSAT Reading Comprehension Drill Set 5, Passage 1:

Many people are skeptical about the feasibility of landing humans on Mars within the foreseeable future. Conventional plans for such a landing tend to justify this attitude. These plans were formulated with assumptions carried over from the only other successful human exploration of an extraterrestrial body--the moon. In these plans, Earth is the primary source of command and control, the sole source of supplies, and the default target in the event of an emergency in flight. The much greater travel distance to Mars, however, calls for enormous amounts of fuel, and a launch directly from Earth would consume an impractical quantity. This necessitates building a platform in low Earth orbit on which to construct, and subsequently, from which to launch the vehicle.

Given the assumption that the crew would subsist only on what they could bring with them, their stay on Mars would be limited to approximately 30 days, causing two problems. First, this restricts the amount of exploration and experimentation the crew could do, especially considering that it would take astronauts a few days just to get used to low-gravity conditions. To address this, conventional plans typically call for constructing a permanent lunar outpost that could be used in part as a training site for astronauts. The second problem is the length of time the crew would be exposed to the known degenerative effects of interplanetary radiation and zero gravity during flight. This problem arises from the fact that there are only a few launch windows in the cycle of Mars-Earth orbits when the distance is short enough to navigate safely. And, due to the positions of Mars and Earth within each window, travel time between planets is much longer for missions involving short stays on Mars than for missions involving long stays. It is unclear that the gains of a short-stay mission could outweigh these costs and risks.

An alternative plan that surmounts many of these obstacles has recently been proposed, however. This newer plan calls for abandoning the conventional approach's crippling reliance on Earth. It involves landing a fully equipped return vehicle, habitat, and supplies on Mars before the crew's arrival, in preparation for an extended stay of about 500 days. Among the equipment to be landed would be a model that could produce fuel from the Martian atmosphere. This module would obviate the need for transporting inordinate amounts of fuel, thus eliminating the need for the construction and maintenance of a platform in low Earth orbit. In addition, the plan gives the crew the flexibility to use Mars as a target in case of malfunction. An extended stay on Mars would also make the employment of a lunar training site unnecessary, allow for more extensive exploration, and significantly shorten total transit time.

2. Which one of the following could replace the phrase "a target" in the second-to-last sentence of the last paragraph while best preserving the author's intended meaning?

A) a site for further exploration
B) a place to land (Correct)
C) an ideal moment within the launch window
D) a site for launching future missions
E) a fixed body used for navigational purposes

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