Bone Fractures Types Nursing Interventions, Treatment, Signs and Symptoms NCLEX

Bone fracture types nursing review for the NCLEX exam that covers treatments, signs and symptoms, causes, and nursing interventions.

A bone fracture is a break or crack in a bone. There are several types of bone fractures. They include the following:

-Complete Fracture: the fracture completely separates the bone in two.

-Incomplete Fracture: the fracture does NOT break the bone all the way through.

-Greenstick: one side of the bone is bent while the other is broken…incomplete type of fracture (most common in pediatric patients)

-Comminuted: the bone is broken into many fragments (3 or more).

-Transverse: the fracture is straight across the bone shaft.

-Oblique: the fracture is slanted across the bone shaft.

-Spiral: the fracture twists around the bone shaft (from a twisting injury).

Signs and symptoms of a bone fracture include: brusing with pain and swelling, reduced movement, odd appearance of extremity, crepitus due to bone fragments rubbing together, edema, erythema, neurovascular impairment.

Complication of a bone fracture can include infection (osteomyelitis), compartment syndrome, fat embolism (most common with long bone fractures) etc.

Nursing interventions include to assess the 6 P's (pain, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis, poikilothermia, pulselessness), immobilization of the affected area, stopping the bleed, cast and traction care, monitoring for compartment syndrome and fat embolism etc.

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