Io: A Moon So Violent, It Shouldn’t Be Real

Io looks like a moon straight out of a nightmare, and scientists say it’s the most violent place in the entire Solar System. This moon of Jupiter hosts hundreds of active volcanoes that erupt constantly, blasting lava hundreds of miles into space. Powerful tidal forces from Jupiter stretch and squeeze Io like a stress ball, generating extreme heat inside its core. The surface constantly reshapes itself, with lakes of molten rock and sulfur plains that erase impact craters almost instantly. In this video, we explore why Io is so terrifying, how it stays this active, and what it teaches us about extreme worlds beyond Earth.

Credit:
Europa: By NASA - https://plus.nasa.gov/video/esto-es-lo-que-necesitas-saber-sobre-europa/, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Esto_es_lo_que_necesitas_saber_sobre_Europa.webm
Jupiter's Magnetosphere: By NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio, https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4142/
Jupiter Moon Orbits: By Nrco0e, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jupiter_Moon_Orbits.ogv
Jupiter's Many Moons: By NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11173/
NASA-JPL - PIA10149: By NASA/JPL, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NASA-JPL_-_PIA10149_(pd).ogv
Io Erupts: By NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11455/
Io rotating 2: By NASA, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Io_rotating_2.ogv#
LokiPatera: By NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS - https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/archive/PIA26293.mp4, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PIA26293-JupiterMoonIo-LokiPatera.webm
SteepleMountain: By NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS - https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/archive/PIA26294.mp4, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PIA26294-JupiterMoonIo-SteepleMountain.webm
Boösaule Montes: By NASA / Jet Propulsion Laboratory / USGS - http://www.ciclops.org/view.php?id=3575, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=20066431
Jupiter-Io-Interaction: By NASA/GSFC/Jay Friedlander - https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/jpeg/PIA24524.jpg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=107605031
Jupiter's Aurora: By X-ray: NASA/CXC/SwRI/R.Gladstone et al.; Optical: NASA/ESA/Hubble Heritage (AURA/STScI) - https://chandra.si.edu/photo/2007/jupiter, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jupiter%27s_Aurora_Animation_(2007-jupiter).webm
Search for Life: By NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13693/
Asteroid Bennu's Journey: By NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab - https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=20220, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Asteroid_Bennu%27s_Journey,_the_formation_of_our_Solar_system_and_the_early_Earth,_NASA.webm
The Time Machine / Warner Bros.
CC BY 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0:
Jupiter’s auroras: By HubbleWebbESA / YouTube, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Timelapse_of_Jupiter%E2%80%99s_auroras_(2).webm
CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/:
Loki Patera (cropped): By By Kwamikagami, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=32135217
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