Non-Performing Assets (NPA) Explained | Types of NPA in Banking | UGC NET Economics #ugcneteconomics

A core banking topic from Indian financial system: Non-Performing Assets (NPAs).

What is NPA?

A loan becomes NPA when interest or principal remains overdue for more than 90 days.

Types of NPA

• Substandard Assets — overdue 90 days up to 12 months
• Doubtful Assets — remain substandard for more than 12 months
• Loss Assets — identified as uncollectible

Exam Recall

NPA classification depends on recovery probability and overdue duration.

Important Banking Logic

Higher NPAs weaken bank profitability, capital adequacy and credit expansion.

Critical Correction ⚠️

“Probable Write-Offs” is not an official RBI NPA category. Official classification includes only:
Substandard, Doubtful, and Loss Assets.

NET, UPSC, State PSC & CUET ke liye must-know topic.
By Shivansh Sir

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