Acid-Base Concepts Quick Revision

Acid-Base Concepts Quick Revision

There are three main concepts that explain acids and bases:

1. Arrhenius Concept
Acid: Produces H⁺ ions in water
Example: HCl → H⁺ + Cl⁻

Base: Produces OH⁻ ions in water
Example: NaOH → Na⁺ + OH⁻

⚠️ Works only in water.

2. Brønsted-Lowry Concept
Acid: Donates a proton (H⁺)

Base: Accepts a proton

Example: NH₃ + H₂O ⇌ NH₄⁺ + OH⁻
Here, water acts as acid, ammonia as base.

✅ Works in more solvents, not just water.

3. Lewis Concept
Acid: Accepts an electron pair

Base: Donates an electron pair

Example: BF₃ (acid) + NH₃ (base) → F₃B←NH₃

💡 Most general concept, includes even reactions without H⁺ or OH⁻.

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