When Apes Conquered Europe

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to http://to.pbs.org/DonateEons
↓ More info below ↓

Today, our closest evolutionary relatives, the apes, live only in small pockets of Africa and Asia. But back in the Miocene epoch, apes occupied all of Europe. Why aren’t there wild apes in Europe today?

Special thanks to https://AfricanFossils.org for allowing us to use their images of Proconsul and Ekembo fossils.

Produced for PBS Digital Studios.

Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:

Katie Fichtner, Anthony Callaghan, Neil H. Gray, Marilyn Wolmart, Esmeralda Rupp-Spangle, Gregory Donovan, Ehit Dinesh Agarwal, سلطان الخليفي, Gabriel Cortez, Marcus Lejon, Anel Salas, Robert Arévalo, Robert Hill, Kelby Reid, Todd Dittman, Betsy Radley, PS, Colin Sylvester, Philip Slingerland, John Vanek, Jose Garcia, Eric Vonk, Tony Wamsley, Henrik Peteri, Jonathan Wright, Jon Monteiro, James Bording, Brad Nicholls, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, Jeff Graham, Maria Humphrey, Nathan Paskett, Connor Jensen, Sapjes, Daisuke Goto, Hubert Rady, Yuntao Zhou, Gregory Kintz, Tyson Cleary, Chandler Bass, Maly Lor, Joao Ascensao, Tsee Lee, Sarah Fritts, Ruben Winter, Ron Harvey Jr, Jacob Gerke, Alex Yan

If you'd like to support the channel, head over to http://patreon.com/eons and pledge for some cool rewards!

Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/eonsshow
Twitter - https://twitter.com/eonsshow
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/eonsshow/

References:
https://anthropology.utoronto.ca/Faculty/Begun/begunSciAm.pdf
https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/effects-of-climate-change-on-primate-evolution-141807385
http://humanorigins.si.edu/research/climate-and-human-evolution/climate-effects-human-evolution
http://johnhawks.net/weblog/fossils/miocene/graecopithecus/graecopithecus-fuss-2017.html
https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qBoqAAAAIBAJ&sjid=oyYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2472,5867929&dq=oreopithecus&hl=en
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/human-evolutions-cookie-monster-oreopithecus-1657956/
http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/14529649
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23280922
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/350/6260/aab2625
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28012461
https://www.nature.com/articles/382349a0
https://anthropology.utoronto.ca/Faculty/Begun/handbook.pdf
https://anthropology.utoronto.ca/Faculty/Begun/cranial%20evid%20intell.pdf
http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0038-23532017000700003
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0177347
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3078397/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248486800719
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24242778
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0177127
https://www.sajs.co.za/article/view/5149
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/327/5965/532
https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/43/2/123/131763/global-perturbation-of-the-carbon-cycle-at-the
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/88f2/1ff1b2196d32f1d2c90cbcc199c69e0cb4bb.pdf
http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2110/palo.2004.p04-17
http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/geodiversitas/29/3/analyse-de-la-micro-usure-dentaire-des-bovides-du-vallesien-miocene-superieur-de-la-vallee-de-l-axios-en-grece-reconstitution-de-l-habitat-d-ouranopithecus-macedoniensis-primates-hominoidea
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248415000767
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26932906
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12069506
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248411002144
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23473739
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11333976

Видео When Apes Conquered Europe канала PBS Eons