Game With String - HashMap, Heap

*Problem Overview*
- The challenge involves minimizing the value of a given string by removing exactly `k` characters.
- The string is composed of lowercase letters, and its value is calculated as the sum of the squares of the frequencies of each distinct character.
- Example: For the string "aabc", removing two 'a's gives a frequency of {b: 1, c: 1}, leading to a total value of 2 (1² + 1²).

*Data Structures Used*
- A *HashMap* is employed to keep track of character frequencies, where keys are characters and values are their respective counts.
- A *Priority Queue* (or max heap) is used to efficiently retrieve and manage the characters based on their frequencies, allowing for quick access to the character with the highest frequency for removal.
- The priority queue requires a custom comparator to ensure it sorts entries based on frequency in descending order.

*Algorithm Steps*
- First, construct a frequency map of the characters in the string.
- Populate the priority queue with entries from the frequency map, using a custom comparator to prioritize higher frequencies.
- Perform a loop to remove `k` characters by decrementing the highest frequency character in the queue and reinserting it.
- Finally, calculate the minimized string value by iterating through the remaining characters in the priority queue, squaring their frequencies, and summing the results.

*Expected Complexity*
- The algorithm operates in linear time complexity, O(n), where n is the length of the input string.
- The use of the priority queue facilitates efficient management of character frequencies during the removal process, ensuring optimal performance.

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