IAS CSAT Paper 2 Expected Questions 2021 – Reading Comprehension | How to Comprehend? UPSC Set 2

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Situation: Someone living in a cold climate buys a winter coat that is stylish but not warm in order to appear sophisticated. Analysis: People are sometimes willing to sacrifice sensual comfort or pleasure for the sake of appearances. The analysis provided for the situation above is most appropriate for which one of the following situations?
(A) A person buys an automobile to commute to work even though public transportation is quick and reliable.
(B) A parent buys a car seat for a young child because it is more colorful and more comfortable for the child than the other car seats on the market, though no safer.
(C) A couple buys a particular wine even though their favorite wine is less expensive and better tasting because they think it will impress their dinner guests.
(D) A person sets her thermostat at a low temperature during the winter because she is concerned about the environmental damage caused by using fossil fuels to heat her home.
After replacing his old gas water heater with a new, pilotless, gas water heater that is rated as highly efficient, Mahesh’s gas bills increased. Each of the following, if true, contributes to an explanation of the increase mentioned above EXCEPT:
(A) The new water heater uses a smaller percentage of the gas used by Mahesh’s household than did the old one.
(B) Shortly after the new water heater was installed, Mahesh’s uncle came to live with him, doubling the size of the household.
(C) After having done his laundry at a laundromat, Mahesh bought and started using a gas dryer when he replaced his water heater.
(D) Mahesh’s utility company raised the rates for gas consumption following installation of the new water heater.
Feathers recently taken from seabirds stuffed and preserved in the 1880s have been found to contain only half as much mercury as feathers recently taken from living birds of the same species. Since mercury that accumulates in a seabird’s feathers as the feathers grow is derived from fish eaten by the bird, these results indicate that mercury levels in saltwater fish are higher now than they were 100 years ago. The argument depends on assuming that
(A) the proportion of a seabird’s diet consisting of fish was not as high, on average, in the 1880s as it is today
(B) the amount of mercury in a saltwater fish depends on the amount of pollution in the ocean habitat of the fish
(C) mercury derived from fish is essential for the normal growth of a seabird’s feathers
(D) the process used to preserve birds in the 1880s did not substantially decrease the amount of mercury in the birds’ feathers
Ethicist: On average, animals raised on grain must be fed sixteen pounds of grain to produce one pound of meat. A pound of meat is more nutritious for humans than a pound of grain, but sixteen pounds of grain could feed many more people than could a pound of meat. With grain yields leveling off, large areas of farmland going out of production each year, and the population rapidly expanding, we must accept the fact that consumption of meat will soon be morally unacceptable. Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the ethicist’s argument?
(A) Even though it has been established that a vegetarian diet can be healthy, many people prefer to eat meat and are willing to pay for it.
(B) Often, cattle or sheep can be raised to maturity on grass from pastureland that is unsuitable for any other kind of farming.
(C) If a grain diet is supplemented with protein derived from non-animal sources, it can have nutritional value equivalent to that of a diet containing meat.
(D) Although prime farmland near metropolitan areas is being lost rapidly to suburban development, we could reverse this trend by choosing to live in areas that are already urban. #examrace #upsc #ugcnet

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