Way before Pythagoras? 👨‍🔬📜 #historyfacts #history #historias #historical #Pythagoras

Long before the name Pythagoras became synonymous with mathematics, the ancient Babylonians had already laid down the foundations of advanced trigonometry — a fact that challenges much of what we traditionally learn about the origins of math. Central to this revelation is a remarkable artifact known as the Plimpton 322, a clay tablet dating back approximately 3,700 years. This tablet contains a highly sophisticated table of right-angled triangles, illustrating the Babylonians’ deep understanding of relationships between the sides of triangles, long before Pythagoras himself was born around the 6th century BCE.

What makes Plimpton 322 especially fascinating is not just its age, but the precision and complexity encoded within it. Unlike our modern base-10 (decimal) system, the Babylonians used a sexagesimal (base-60) numbering system, which allowed them to perform calculations with remarkable accuracy, especially when dealing with fractions and angles. This base-60 system is, in fact, the reason why we still divide an hour into 60 minutes and a minute into 60 seconds today. Their mathematical prowess went well beyond simple geometry; it reflected an advanced grasp of numerical methods, ratios, and what we now identify as trigonometric principles.

While Pythagoras is often credited with the famous theorem relating the sides of right triangles, Plimpton 322 demonstrates that the Babylonians had practical knowledge of these relationships over a millennium earlier, used for purposes ranging from astronomy to architecture and land measurement. This discovery not only rewrites the timeline of mathematical development but also shines a light on the impressive intellectual achievements of ancient Mesopotamian civilization.

In essence, Plimpton 322 serves as a powerful reminder that ancient cultures often held knowledge and scientific understanding far ahead of their time—a humbling lesson about the roots of human innovation and the continuity of mathematical thought across millennia.

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