Foucault's Method | Finding the speed of Light in vacuum

FOUCAULT'S METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE SPEED OF LIGHT IN VACUUM
The goal of the Foucault's experiment was to experimentally measure the speed of light, c, in a vacuum. Although there are many experimental methods available to measure the speed of light, the underlying principle behind all methods on the simple kinematic relationship between constant velocity, distance and time i.e. v = S/t.

Actually, Foucault's Method is an improved version of Fizeau's
method of measuring the speed of light.

I know, most of you are struggling with making the correct diagram of experimental setup. In your coursebook, you can see a lot of rays coming out of source making the diagram a bit more complicated to draw eventually leading you to confusion.

Therefore, I have come up with a solution which is much
easier to draw and understand. Instead of drawing 3 rays of light, we are going to draw only one along the axis of the converging lens.

Before drawing the diagram, remember the main things used to
set up this experiment. There are three types of mirror used in this experiment:
1) Half-silvered plane mirror P
2) Rotating plane mirror R and
3) Fixed concave mirror F
Also, it consists of a source S, a convex lens L, and a micrometer eyepiece E.

In this experiment, the distance between the two images formed by the source after reflection from the rotating plane mirror and the half-silvered plane mirror is measured. And also, the time is taken by light to travel the radius of curvature twice and by the rotating plane mirror to cover an angular displacement of theta is measured and using this information, the velocity of light is measured.

Using this method, Foucault found the speed of light to be
2.98 x 10^8 m/s with less than 1% error.

I hope, after watching this video, you would be able to determine the speed of light in vacuum using Foucault's Method.

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