Harappan towns

Answer Key: https://anantamias.com/upsc-prelims-2026-gs-paper-1-answer-key-solutions/

Consider the following statements about the archaeological findings in Harappan towns: I. There is wide occurrence of spindle-whorls in the houses but absence of spinning wheels. II. Weights and measurement scales, complete with graduations, have been discovered. III. There are houses built in large part with baked bricks, around relatively spacious courtyards, with their own wells, bathing platforms, and large rooms. Which of the following inferences can be drawn from the above statements?

Statement I suggests that spinning was a laborious activity done at home.
Statement II suggests the extent of the scientific knowledge that the Harappans possessed.
Statement III suggests the emergence of a common property system.
Select the answer using the code given below:

1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

Explanation. Spindle-whorls without spinning wheels point to hand-spindle spinning done laboriously in households (inference 1 valid). The graduated weights and measurement scales from Lothal, Mohenjo-daro and Harappa show systematic standardisation reflecting scientific/technical knowledge (inference 2 valid). However, the existence of well-built houses with private wells and bathing platforms indicates private property and differentiated household wealth, NOT a common-property system — so inference 3 is wrong. Hence 1 and 2 only. Source: Upinder Singh, A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India, chapter on the Harappans. Read more: Harappan Archaeological Findings: Spindle-Whorls, Weights and Baked-Brick Houses.

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