Igneous Rocks Explained | Acidic vs Basic Rocks | Granite & Basalt | Physical Geography UPSC

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In this lecture, we continue our discussion on igneous rocks and explore their important physical and chemical characteristics, with a special focus on acidic and basic igneous rocks—a highly important topic for UPSC, State PSC, and Geography optional.

Key concepts explained in this video include:

Why igneous rocks are hard, compact, dense, and durable

Homogeneous structure and uniform mineral composition of igneous rocks

Why most igneous rocks are non-porous and non-fossiliferous

Igneous rocks as parent rocks for sedimentary and metamorphic rocks

Common examples: Basalt, Granite, Obsidian, Gabbro, Diorite, Pegmatite, Peridotite

Ancient use of obsidian as sharp hunting tools

Classification of igneous rocks based on silica content

Acidic Igneous Rocks (Felsic):

High silica content (above 65%)

Thick and viscous lava

Coarse-grained texture

Light-colored rocks

Common in continental crust

Example: Granite

Basic Igneous Rocks (Mafic):

Low silica content (around 40–45%)

Highly fluid lava that spreads far

Fine-grained texture

Dark-colored rocks

Common in oceanic crust

Example: Basalt

This lecture helps you clearly differentiate between acidic and basic igneous rocks, a concept frequently asked in UPSC Prelims MCQs and Geography Mains answers.

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