S4|E2 ~ The Free-Ranging Dog Crisis: India’s Ecological and Public Health Dilemma | Arshyaan Shahid

India’s growing population of free-ranging dogs has become one of the most complex and divisive conservation challenges of our time. In this episode of the Think Wildlife Podcast, we dive deep into the intersection of animal welfare, public health, and biodiversity conservation with ecologist Arshyaan Shahid, who unpacks the ecological, legal, and ethical dilemmas surrounding India’s 60 million stray dogs.

The discussion begins with the recent Supreme Court order directing Delhi authorities to relocate all dogs into shelters—an unprecedented move that sparked national debate among animal rights, animal activism, and conservation communities. Arshyaan explains why the free-ranging dog population in India has exploded to over 60 million, how human-subsidized feeding, waste mismanagement, and lack of predators have allowed dog numbers to soar, and why sterilization alone cannot solve the crisis.

We explore how dogs, once companions of humans, have transformed into powerful ecological disruptors. Free-ranging dogs now threaten over 80 wildlife species, including 31 listed as IUCN Red List threatened species. From attacking blackbuck, chital, and great Indian bustards to competing with jackals, hyenas, and vultures, their impact extends deep into India’s biodiversity hotspots. Arshyaan discusses how dogs act as invasive wild canids, spreading diseases like rabies and parvovirus, hybridizing with wolves, and altering predator-prey dynamics.

But this is not just an ecological crisis—it’s also a public health crisis. India records over 3.7 million dog bites annually, with Delhi alone reporting 68,000 cases in 2024. With 36% of global rabies deaths occurring in India and over 20,000 human deaths each year, the connection between public health, urban ecology, and animal welfare has never been clearer.

Arshyaan dissects why sterilization campaigns—despite their humanitarian intent—struggle to reach the 70–90% coverage required for meaningful control. He reveals the enormous financial burden of sterilizing 700,000 dogs in Delhi alone, the vacuum effect that replenishes removed populations, and the time lag before any measurable impact. He also highlights the ethical complexities of culling, the global backlash against mass euthanasia, and the moral dilemma between compassionate conservation and ecological necessity.

The conversation moves to the Supreme Court’s evolving position, from its controversial order to relocate dogs, to a more balanced capture–sterilize–vaccinate–release (CSVR) approach inspired by Dutch models. Yet, Delhi’s limited infrastructure—shelters for barely 5% of its 800,000 dogs—makes large-scale implementation nearly impossible.

Arshyaan and host Anish Banerjee examine the difficult trade-offs between animal rights and biodiversity loss, exploring whether mass shelters improve or worsen welfare, and why unmanaged urban ecology and waste management remain the root of the crisis. They also discuss responsible pet ownership, microchipping, strict anti-abandonment laws, and urban planning reforms that could finally bring India closer to sustainable biodiversity conservation.

Finally, Arshyaan shares insights from his upcoming PhD research on mapping dog aggression hotspots and fostering collaboration between the public, policymakers, and animal welfare advocates to balance compassion with science-based conservation.

This episode asks a difficult question—can India protect both its dogs and its wildlife without compromising public safety or compassion?
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Видео S4|E2 ~ The Free-Ranging Dog Crisis: India’s Ecological and Public Health Dilemma | Arshyaan Shahid канала Think Wildlife Foundation