Physical Properties of Alkyl Halides||Chemistry Class12|Alkyl Halides|Boiling Point|Solubility trend

Physical Properties of Alkyl Halides||Chemistry Class12|Alkyl Halides|Boiling Point|Solubility trend

### 1. **Physical State**

* Lower members (like CH₃Cl, C₂H₅Cl) → gases
* Medium members → liquids
* Higher members → solids
👉 As molecular size increases, intermolecular forces increase.

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### 2. **Boiling Point**

* Higher than corresponding alkanes due to **dipole–dipole interactions**

* Order with halogen:

* RI RBr RCl RF
👉 Because size and polarizability of halogen increase

* In isomers:

* Straight chain branched chain
👉 Branching reduces surface area → lower boiling point

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### 3. **Melting Point**

* Generally increases with molecular weight
* Symmetrical molecules have higher melting points (better packing in solid form)

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### 4. **Density**

* Increases with heavier halogen:

* R–I R–Br R–Cl R–F
* Many alkyl chlorides are lighter than water
* Alkyl bromides & iodides are usually heavier than water

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### 5. **Solubility**

* **In water:** very low
👉 Cannot form strong hydrogen bonds with water
* **In organic solvents:** soluble
👉 “Like dissolves like”

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### 6. **Color and Odor**

* Generally colorless
* Have a sweet smell (some are toxic)

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### 7. **Polarity**

* C–X bond is polar
👉 Due to electronegativity difference between carbon and halogen

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