What is Cryptography । Information Security Lecture 4 । Learn With Guru M . A

What is Cryptography । Information Security Lecture 4 । Learn With Guru M . A

Cryptography is the technique of obfuscating or coding data, ensuring that only the person who is meant to see the information–and has the key to break the code–can read it. The word is a hybrid of two Greek words: “kryptós”, which means hidden, and “graphein”, which means to write. Literally, the word cryptography translates to hidden writing, but in reality, the practice involves the secure transmission of information.

The use of cryptography can be traced to the ancient Egyptians and their creative use of hieroglyphics. But, the art of coding has seen great strides over the millennia, and modern cryptography combines advanced computer technology, engineering, and maths—among other disciplines—to create highly sophisticated and secure algorithms and ciphers to protect sensitive data in the digital era.

For example, cryptography is used to create various types of encryption protocols that are regularly used to protect data. These include 128-bit or 256-bit encryption, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), and Transport Layer Security (TLS). These encryption protocols protect all manner of digital information and data, from passwords and emails to ecommerce and banking transactions.

There are different cryptographic types, which are useful for different purposes. For example, the simplest is symmetric key cryptography. Here, data is encrypted using a secret key, and then both the encoded message and the secret key are sent to the recipient for decryption. Of course, the problem here is that if the message is intercepted, the third party can easily decode the message and steal the information.

To create a more secure system of encoding, cryptologists devised asymmetric cryptography, which is sometimes known as the “public key” system. In this instance, all users have two keys: one public and one private. When creating a coded message, the sender will request the recipient’s public key to encode the message. This way, only the intended recipient’s private key will decode it. This way, even if the message is intercepted, a third party cannot decode it.

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