Scientists discovered DARK OXYGEN - Here's what that means for us!

A completely undiscovered oxygen production at the bottom of the deep sea? This is suggested by a new find in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, which has caused quite a stir. Known as polymetallic nodules, they are responsible for the so-called dark oxygen. This means that they could be of great importance for the organisms living there. And not only that: these nodules contain a great many critical minerals such as lithium, nickel and cobalt. The Clarion-Clipperton Zone alone contains three to five times as much cobalt and nickel as would be accessible on the entire land area. No wonder there are many projects to mine these resources! What dark oxygen is all about, how it could come about and the blatant case currently unfolding around the study, that's what this is about.

This video was created by my editorial team. Responsible from the editorial team: Richard Kraft, Florian Krupka, Jacob Beautemps; Editing: Neo Sanjuan Thiele, Aron Kamenz & Sören Rensch

00:00 New source of oxygen discovered
00:54 Formation of polymetallic nodules
02:50 The study
04:46 Oxygen production
06:00 Importance
06:56 The role of The Metals Company
08:20 Current State

Sources
Source 1: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01480-8
Source 2: https://www.greenpeace.org/aotearoa/story/dark-oxygen-discovered-deep-sea/
Source 3: https://www.isa.org.jm/exploration-contracts/polymetallic-nodules/
Source 4: https://www.geomar.de/fileadmin/content/entdecken/rohstoffe_ozean/manganknollen/factsheet_manganknollen_en.pdf
Source 5: https://metals.co/tmc-statement-on-claims-of-dark-oxygen-production/
Source 6: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/dark-oxygen-discovered-coming-from-mineral-deposits-on-deep-seafloor/
Source 7: https://www.geomar.de/news/article/eine-neue-sauerstoff-quelle-in-der-tiefsee
Source 8: https://www.geomar.de/en/discover/ocean-for-climate-protection/carbon-uptake-in-the-ocean/carbon-storage-in-the-seafloor
Source 9: https://www.iea.org/reports/the-role-of-critical-minerals-in-clean-energy-transitions/executive-summary
Source 10: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02242-y
Source 11: https://www.geomar.de/en/discover/marine-resources/manganese-nodules#:~:text=Their%20growth%20rate%20is%20only,be%20round%2C%20elongated%20or%20flat.
Source 12: https://www.isa.org.jm/exploration-contracts/polymetallic-nodules/
Source 13: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-02393-7
Source 14: https://mpi-bremen.de/en/Benthic-Chambers.html
Source 15: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/jul/22/dark-oxygen-in-depths-of-pacific-ocean-could-force-rethink-about-origins-of-life
Source 16: https://asm.org/articles/2022/february/the-great-oxidation-event-how-cyanobacteria-change
Source 17: https://climatesociety.climate.columbia.edu/news/rolling-deep-climate-change-and-deep-sea-ecosystems
Source 18: https://www.rifs-potsdam.de/de/ergebnisse/publikationen/2019/deep-sea-natural-capital-putting-deep-sea-economic-activities
Source 19: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44492-w
Source 20: https://metals.co/tmc-statement-on-claims-of-dark-oxygen-production/
Source 21: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c728ven2v9eo
Source 22: https://worldoceanreview.com/de/wor-3/mineralische-rohstoffe/manganknollen/
Source 23: https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/ocean-oxygen.html
Source 24: https://www.dw.com/de/bergbau-meeresboden-manganknollen-f%C3%BCr-die-energiewende-weniger-menschenrechtsprobleme-umweltgefahren/a-65095598
Source 25: https://www.science.org/content/article/claim-seafloor-dark-oxygen-faces-doubts
Source 26: https://eartharxiv.org/repository/view/7717/

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