Paeonia emodi, a wild high altitude Himalayan peony flowers at wildfilmsindia botanical gardens

Paeonia emodi grows in a semi-wild state at the wildfilmsindia botanical gardens at Motidhar in Uttarakhang, having been naturalized from the higher Himalaya in this forest location at a lower altitude where it is flourishing, flowering and seeding. A bee is busy pollinating the peony even as the Hill Barbet calls in our lower forests.

Paeonia emodi, a wild high altitude Himalayan peony flowers at wildfilmsindia botanical gardens

Paeonia emodi is a robust herbaceous perennial plant that winters with buds underground (a so-called hemicryptophyte), has large white flowers and large deeply incised leaves, and belongs to the family Paeoniaceae. Its local vernacular names include mamekhor or mamekh (Punjabi), ood-e-saleeb (Urdu) meaning "with-a-cross", ood salap (Hindi), mid (in Kashmir) and 多花芍药 (duo hua shao yao) meaning "multi-flower peony" (in Chinese). In English it is sometimes called Himalayan peony. It is among the tallest of the herbaceous peony species, and, while cold-hardy, it grows better in warm temperate climates. It is a parent of the popular hybrid 'White Innocence', which reaches 1½ m.

In the past, the peonies were often classified in the family Ranunculaceae, alongside Anemones. The peony is named after Paeon or Paean, a student of Asclepius, the Greek god of medicine and healing. Asclepius became jealous of his pupil; Zeus saved Paeon from the wrath of Asclepius by turning him into the peony flower. Peony has been cultivated in old monasteries in China and Japan in medicinal gardens for centuries.

Paeonia emodi is endemic to Himalaya and is the only species found in the region.

The plant has demonstrated activity against various life style disorders.

It has been found to possess terpenoids and phenolics as major chemical constituents.

Ethnopharmacological claims have been scientifically proven by different authors.

Traditional claims have been critically analyzed and discussed in the present review.

Paeonia emodi (Peony) is a well known Himalayan medicinal plant used in the treatment of hypertension, palpitations, asthma, uterine diseases, colic, bilious obstructions and has also been used as an anticoagulant. Many of these ethnomedicinal properties have been experimentally proven in different animal models. The present work reviews the ethnopharmacology, therapeutic potential and phytochemistry of P. emodi. Different classes of natural products like triterpenoids, monoterpenoids, phenolics and tannins have been isolated from the species. These compounds possess wide therapeutic profile like cardiovascular and airway relaxant, lipoxygenase and β-Glucuronidase inhibitory and free radical scavenging properties.

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