Specific Dynamic Action/Thermic Effect of Food

Specific dynamic action, also known as thermic effect of food or dietary induced thermogenesis
This physiological phenomenon represents the energy expended on all activities of the body incidental to the ingestion, digestion, absorption, and assimilation of a meal.
In order to understand SDA, let us first understand what is total energy expenditure
Total energy expenditure is mainly a sum of internal heat produced and external work. The internal heat produced is, in turn, mainly a sum of basal metabolic rate BMR and the thermic effect of food. External work may be estimated by measuring the physical activity level . In simple words It is the amount of energy expenditure above the basal metabolic rate due to the cost of processing of food for use and storage
The common observation is a rapid postprandial increase in metabolic rate that upon peaking returns more slowly to prefeeding levels.
A commonly used SDA estimate is 10-15% of daily caloric intake, though the magnitude varies substantially with the different food constituents consumed. For example, dietary fat is relatively easy to process physiologically and has very little thermic effect, while protein is harder to process and has a much larger thermic effect.
Its magnitude depends on the composition of the food consumed:Carbohydrates: 5 to 15% of the energy consumed, Protein: 20 to 30%, Fats: at most 5 to 15%
So the type, size, composition, and temperature of the meal, as well as body size, body composition, and several environmental factors (e.g., ambient temperature and gas concentration) can each significantly impact the magnitude and duration of the SDA response.
Meals that are large, intact or possess a tough exoskeleton require more digestive effort and thus generate a larger SDA than small, fragmented, or soft-bodied meals. Differences in the individual effort of preabsorptive e.g., swallowing, gastric breakdown, and intestinal transport and postabsorptive (e.g., catabolism and synthesis) events underlie much of the variation in SDA. Specific dynamic action is an integral part of an individuals energy budget.
So next time when you eat a meal, remember to know about the specific dynamic action of your meal and how it may contribute to your energy balance.

Total energy expenditure video
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Видео Specific Dynamic Action/Thermic Effect of Food канала Dr.Mungli