Pig Iron || Cast Iron || Steel in Hindi || Pig iron, cast Iron, Steel in hindi || gear institute

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Pig iron, also known as crude iron, is an intermediate product of the iron industry in the production of steel which is obtained by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Pig iron has a very high carbon content, typically 3.8–4.7%,[1] along with silica and other constituents of dross, which makes it very brittle and not useful directly as a material except for limited applications.[2]

The traditional shape of the molds used for pig iron ingots is a branching structure formed in sand, with many individual ingots at right angles[3] to a central channel or "runner", resembling a litter of piglets being nursed by a sow. When the metal had cooled and hardened, the smaller ingots (the "pigs") were simply broken from the runner (the "sow"), hence the name "pig iron".[4] As pig iron is intended for remelting, the uneven size of the ingots and the inclusion of small amounts of sand caused only insignificant problems considering the ease of casting and handling them

Cast iron is a group of iron-carbon alloys with a carbon content more than 2%.[1] Its usefulness derives from its relatively low melting temperature. The alloy constituents affect its colour when fractured: white cast iron has carbide impurities which allow cracks to pass straight through, grey cast iron has graphite flakes which deflect a passing crack and initiate countless new cracks as the material breaks, and ductile cast iron has spherical graphite "nodules" which stop the crack from further progressing.

Carbon (C) ranging from 1.8 to 4 wt%, and silicon (Si) 1–3 wt%, are the main alloying elements of cast iron. Iron alloys with lower carbon content are known as steel.

Cast iron tends to be brittle, except for malleable cast irons. With its relatively low melting point, good fluidity, castability, excellent machinability, resistance to deformation and wear resistance, cast irons have become an engineering material with a wide range of applications and are used in pipes, machines and automotive industry parts, such as cylinder heads, cylinder blocks and gearbox cases. It is resistant to damage by oxidation.
What is difference between iron and cast iron?
Cast iron is iron that has been melted, poured into a mould, and allowed to cool. Typically cast iron contains 2-4% carbon, it is non-malleable, hard and brittle. Wrought iron is iron that has been heated before being worked with tools to shape it.

Is cast iron better than steel?
Cast iron pans have better heat retention. Cast iron cookware is slow to heat up, but retains heat longer than carbon steel. This makes cast iron ideal for pan-frying and roasting.
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