Tribes of India 01 - Important tribes in India

Tribes of India :
A tribe is a social division in a traditional society consisting of families linked by social, economic, religious, or blood ties, with a common culture and dialect. A tribe of india upsc possesses certain qualities and characteristics that make it a unique cultural, social, and political entity. They are also known by the name ‘Adivasis’ in India.
The Constitution of India, Article 366 (25) defines Scheduled Tribes as “such tribes or tribal communities or part of or groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under Article 342 to the scheduled Tribes (STs) for the purposes of this Constitution”.
Common Features of Tribes
• Geographical isolation : live in cloistered, exclusive, remote and inhospitable areas such as hills & forests
• Shyness important tribes of india of contact : Have a marginal degree of contact with other cultures and people
• Have distinctive culture, language and religion.
List of Tribes in India
The tribe that are found across the various important tribes for upsc parts of the country are as follows
Bhils (derived from bow)
• They are Divided into two main groups : Central or pure Bhils and Eastern or Rajput Bhils.
• They speak Bhili, which is an Indo Aryan language.
Munda ( means headman of the village)
• They speak Mundari, which is an Austro- Asiatic language.
• They remained hunters for centuries. But now they have been converted into the settled agriculturist.
Santhals
• They speak Santhali, which is a Austro- Asiatic language
• They are engaged in hunting, fishing and cultivation for their livelihood
Gonds
• They speak Gondi language which is related to the Telgu and the other Dravidian languages. In the northern parts Gonds are often seen speaking the local Hindi.
Khasi
• They are called by the different names such as Khasi Pahris, Khuchia, Kassi, Khashi and Khasa
• They speak Khasi-an Austro- Asiatic language.
Baiga
• They are the forest-dwelling aboriginals from central India
• They do not interact with other tribal, believe in a hand-to-mouth existence.
Birhor
• This tribe is a Proto-Australoid tribe.
Chenchus
• This tribe is found at Nallamalai hills of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Odisha·
Gaddis
• They mainly dwell around Himachal Pradesh in the regions of Dhauladhar mountain range, Chamba, Bharmaur and the areas near to Dharamshala.
Pangwal
• They are the inhabitants of the Pangi valley of Chamba district in Himachal Pradesh.
• They are mostly engaged in farming.
Bhutia
• They are also known as the Lachenpasand Lachungpas.
• They are of the Tibetan origin and migrated to Sikkim around 16th century.
Limbus/ Limboos
• Mongoloid looking by figure having their own language, faith, costume, culture and life style.
• They are farmers by profession.
Lepchas
• They are one of the indigenous tribe of Sikkim.
• They call themselves Rongkup and their language is Lepcha.
Buska
• They are indigenous peoples in the Dehradun and Nainital in Kumaon region.
• Major occupation are agriculture and animal husbandry.
Apatani or Tanni
• They are settled agriculturists inhabiting the valley around Ziro-the headquarters of Lower Subansiri district in Arunachal Pradesh.
Adis/ Bokar Lhoba (meaning hill or mountain top)
• This tribe is found in the region of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and are divided into two main such as Bogum and Bomis.
Nyishis
• They are Indo-Mongoloid group of people and their language belongs to the Tibeto-Burman family.
Kampti
• They are a sub-group of the Shan people in Lohit district in Arunachal Pradesh.
Tagin
• They are main inhabitant of Upper Sunansiri district in Arunachal Pradesh. Their main occupation is agriculture.
Angami
• Tenyidie is the most common language spoken
• Agriculture is the main occupation.
Rengmas :
• They are one of the seventeen major Naga Tribes located in Nagaland
Sema /Sumi Nagas
• They are one of the major tribes of Nagaland recognized for their martial art skills.
Zeliang
• They live primarily in the south-western part of Kohima district
Konyak (means blackhead or human)
• They are the largest out of 17 officially recognized tribes in Nagaland,
• They are known as ‘those violent headhunters with tattooed faces.’
Garos
• They are the second-largest tribe in Meghalaya and comprise about a third of the local population.
Jaintias
• They are traced in the Jaintia hills in Meghalaya.
• They belong to the Proto Autroloid Monkhmer race
Reang
• They are the second largest tribal community of Tripura.
• they are said to have first come from Shan State of upper Burma and belong to Indo-Mongoloid racial stock.
Lushais
• They belong to Kuki-Chin group of tribes in Tripura.
• They live on Jhum Cultivation and hunting of wild animal. They are also famous as orange producing community

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