Counseling Theories NCMHCE and Addiction Counselor Exam Review

Counseling Theories NCMHCE and Addiction Counselor Exam Review
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Review the most common counseling theories and related interventions
Cognitive Behavioral
Premise
People respond to their representation of events rather than the events themselves
Learning is cognitively mediated
Thoughts impact emotional and behavioral reactions
Some types of thoughts can be monitored and modified
Modifying thoughts can help modify emotions and behavioral responses
Both behavioral and cognitive techniques are useful and can be integrated
Goal:
To identify and correct unhelpful cognitions by clarifying and challenging unhelpful or inaccurate cognitive schema and increase the client’s problem-solving abilities

Behavioral Models
Premise
Emphasis on current behaviors which are under stimulus control
Reject the idea that maladaptive behaviors reflect underlying pathology
Elimination of the behavior is the primary goal of treatment
Assessment takes the form of a functional analysis
Antecedents, consequences and discriminative stimuli
Naturalistic observation
Self monitoring
Role playing
Rating scales

Humanistic
Premise
To understand a person, one must understand her subjective experience
Emphasis on the uniqueness and wholeness of the individual
Belief in the persons inherent ability for growth and self-determination
Therapy involves authentic, collaborative interactions
Rejection of traditional assessment techniques and diagnostic labels

Person Centered
The self is a consistent conceptual gestalt composed of perceptions of “I” and the relationships of “I” with the world and the values attached to those perceptions
To grow the person must remain unified and organized.
Disorganization occurs when there is incongruence between the self and experience. (conditions of worth)
I am lovable for who I am vs. You are lovable if you make me proud.
Therapeutic goals are to help clients achieve congruence between self and experience (eliminate the shoulds) by providing an authentic atmosphere with unconditional positive regard.

Psychodynamic therapy
Premises
Internal conflicts, and their relation to the problem are central themes of treatment
Psychopathology develops especially from early childhood experiences
Internal representations of experiences are organized around interpersonal relations
Life issues and dynamics will re-emerge in the context of the client-therapist relationship as transference and counter-transference
Distress is masked by defense mechanisms
Behavior is influenced by unconscious thought, and once vulnerable or painful feelings are processed the defense mechanisms reduce or resolve
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