What is structured cabling in networking? (Structured Data Cabling)

What is Structured cabling in Networking? What is meant by structured cabling and why is it important. The design and installation of a cabling systems will support multiple hardware systems providing the infrastructure to connect a phone, PC, CCTV Camera, Wi-Fi, TV or Music server.
Structured Cabling Basics
The structured cabling system should cover all elements of the building hardware and technology requirements and bring them all into a central design. This design would include the cabinet space and locations and whether they are in a single location or split over several floors and how the various locations are linked whether via copper or fibre optic cabling.

Why is Structured Cabling Important?
Without a cabling infrastructure that is structured for all technology your future growth will be limited.
Data Cabling Standards
The data cabling systems is administered under a guideline of set cabling standards so that installations follow a consistently of installation and quality with an allowance of expansion and coverage of the technologies it is installed to link and operate
Structured Cabling Standards cover a range of expectations such as
• How the cabling should enter a building and be terminated
• The type, construction and size of the entrance facility
• The construction and size of the communications room and cabinet
• The number of cables to allow per user and workspace area
• The containment allowances for these cables
• Installation and terminating guidelines for the cables
• Testing and labelling expectations
Network Cabling Design
What is structured cabling in networking design based on? The correct design of the structured cabling will provide predictable performance and aid future expansion. Furthermore assist in easier future relocations, moves and changes
In essence it’s looking at the cabling design like an architect would do with a building or home and see how best to bring all the required elements together and work as one
The design will consider whether to cable directly to each location where desks and furniture are not expected to move or whether to cable to distribution points which then link locally to desks allowing for easier future moves and re-arrangements of desks and furniture
Categories of Cabling
Structured cabling can consist of a single specific standard of data cabling such as Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a or fibre optics. It also in some cases will specify different categories of cable dependant on what has been requested and specified by each hardware provider.
Data Cabling Testing
Structured cabling also outlines a consistency of termination, testing and labelling. There are several standard of terminations when it comes to copper data cabling and fibre optic data cabling. Problems arise if different standards are followed by different installers.
Testing parameters and standards are also important as without fully tested data cabling results the end user will not know if that cable has been
• Install correctly and within the maximum distance
• Installed in the correct separation distances and bend radius
• Been terminated correctly both ends
• Has been tested and confirmed to work to a set standard of transmission tests
Without these test results showing full passes the user will find problems in their hardware performance in the present and ongoing into the future
Structured Cabling Labelling
The consistency of labelling is also a very important part of a structured cabling installation. The labelling should be designed in advance and follow an easy to follow outline. The labelling should specify some or all of the following.
• The Cabinet or Floor Number
• The Outlet Number
• The floor box or cluster number (in some cases)
Different floors or cabinets will also at times have different colour outlet labels and panels
An example would be a blue label marked 3/15/4
(3rd Floor, Floor Box 15, Outlet number 4)
Structured Cabling Documentation
When it comes to the correct documentation, the completed data cabling systems should be accompanied by the test results and a full set of drawings and documentation
This will depend on the size of the building and the requirements of the end user but can consist of the following
• Marked up drawings with outlet numbers for each location
• Communication cabinet layouts
• Floor to floor cabling schematics
• Test Results
• Manufacturer data sheets

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