underhand stoping / animation / stoping methods / metal mining

in this video i've discussed about the STOPING method i.e. UNDERHAND STOPING method with interactive animation in metal mine.
HOPE THIS VIDEO WILL BE HELPFUL TO YOU!!!

credit to our prestigious dignity - Prof. Neeraj Yadav
#MININGMAFIA #STOPINGMETHOD #UNDERHANDSTOPING

terminology of ug metal : https://youtu.be/Omz5_HcB49k
raising method in metal mine:
- open raising : https://youtu.be/5jzHx94sC_4
- two compartment : https://youtu.be/vtsJrlQY8js
- long hole drilling : https://youtu.be/OInJDkLfbtw
- alimak raising : https://youtu.be/_8VPY65KhEA
- raise borer : https://youtu.be/fOMB5QNlri0
stoping method:
- overhand stoping : https://youtu.be/yy6T4n2d8ac
- underhand stoping : https://youtu.be/jhFObbzpx2s
- breast stoping : https://youtu.be/cdRwfo4QnJ0
- cut and fill stoping : https://youtu.be/dHknqaa6J68

Under hand stopping :
WHEN THe underhand HOLES ARE USED FOR THE EXTRACTION OF STOPE, SUCH STOPE WORKING IS KNOWN AS UNDERHAND STOPING.
THE HOLES IS MADE IN THE ORE BODY JUST BELOW FOOT. THE HOLE DRILLED IN DOWNWARD DIRECTION.

It is used in working thin steeply dipping
veins enclosed in strong wall rocks. In an underhand stope the face
is below the driller who is supported partly by footwall. The stope is
worked in a downward direction from upper main level to the lower
main level commencing from a winze. A horizontal slice 2 to 2.5m
high is started on top of an ore block. The ore is broken in horizontal
slices. Miners stand on the steps formed and drill the shot holes
downwards. It is a common practice to open new chutes as the
stope is extended along the strike. Underground stopping is
practiced relatively rarely. The transport of ore is somewhat difficult
and blasting efficiency is poor as the blast has to lift the ore that is
blasted. Ventilation is also not simple. Efficiency of miners in
breaking the ore is however high.

applicability:
- ore body required strong
- both hangwall and footwall should be storng
- inclination - 45 to 85 deg
- thickness is selected upto - 1.5m
STOPE Preparation :
- Started from last block near the boundary
- lower level is prepared as haulage level
- the arrangement of ventilation, additional manpower , additional handling of production and supply of material for safe working are made.
- the ore block are divided into two halves by driving central raise/ winze in the ore body
- the raise will be connect the lower level with upper level and the ore block will be ready for stoping operation after providing loading chute in central raise to load in lower level.

STOPE Development :
1. The ore body is approached from the shaft, inclines or adits.
2. The ore body is further approached by cross-cuts, set regular
interval (60-150m) from shaft and inclines.
3. When cross-cut touch the ore body, the ore body is developed
by driving the levels.
4. These levels are inter connected at regular intervals, by raise
or winzes.
5. The raise and winzes are connecting the upper and lower level.
6. When the development of two adjacent levels is complete the
stopping operation is under taken.

stope working:
- block of ore divided into two halves
- direction of excavation is downward
- make heading from upper level to lower level
- make benches by performing drilling & blasting
- bench height - 1.5 to 2.5m
- bench width - bench height
- bench length - thickness of ore body
- spacing - 1-2m,
- burden - 1-2m
- no. of holes - 2-5
the stope is started from the upper level. the underhand benches are formed. the parameter of benches and shot hole given above. these holes are charged and blasted. the blasted ore is shoveled in the center raise. it act as a ore pass. the blasted ore is loaded in lower level through chute for further transport. the first bench is formed. the ladders are suspended from platform in the center raise and at both end of platform to lower the worker.


ADVANTAGES:
-WORKERS ARE STANDING ON STRONG AND SOLID ORE BODY.
-THE MACHINES ARE KEPT ON ORE BODY.
-DRILLING OPERATION IS EASY
-FACES CAN BE WELL DRESSED
-FACES ARE EASILY APPROACHABLE.

DISADVANTAGES:
-CENTER WINZE OR RAISE IS BLOCKED BY BROKEN ORE.
-VENTILATION OF WORKING PLACE IS DIFFICULT
-SHOVELLING IS REQUIRED FROM BENCH TO BENCH
-LOWER BENCH IS COVERDED BY BROKEN ORE OF UPPER BENCH
-IT IS NOT SUITABLE FOR LOWER INCLINATION AND WEAK ORE BODY OR --WEAK WALLS
-BLASTING EFFICIENCY IS POOR

VIDEO:
title video - Video by KML from Pexels
end video - Video by Gam Ol from Pexels
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https://youtu.be/jhFObbzpx2s

Видео underhand stoping / animation / stoping methods / metal mining канала MINING MAFIA