#47 Shohini Ghose PHD - QUANTUM COMPUTERS EXPLAINED AND WOMEN IN SCIENCE

How close are we to a scalable quantum computer? How do they work? Why is it so difficult for women in science? Is that changing?

In this episode we have the fascinating new technology of Quantum Computers to get our heads around. They’ve been in the news a lot recently for the extraordinary computing power they could offer if harnessed properly; and also in conjunction with misleadingly named ‘teleportation’ technologies that can encode information in a quantum key and have it appear at the destination almost instantaneously and unshackably using quantum entanglement. But how do they work?

Our guest today Shohini Ghose explains beautifully, she studies them as a professor of Quantum Physics at the Wilfrid Laurier University in Toronto, Canada. She is also a Senior Fellow at TED and her TED talk, ‘A beginners guide to Quantum Computers’ has been viewed almost 5 million times. She’s a passionate advocate for women in science which she’s just released a new book on, ‘Her Space, Her Time’ and which we’ll be getting into around the 45min mark, and she’s the Chair for women in Science at the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. She is also the author of the 2019 book ‘Clues to the cosmos’.

I couldn’t let such a brilliant since communicator get away without asking her what the measurement problem means for the nature of reality too. Fascinating stuff!

What we discuss:
00:00 Intro
06:50 A beginners guide to quantum computers
07:50 The coin flip game illustration
09:50 The difference between binary 0/1 opposite and quantum superposition ‘probabilistic’ states
13:20 Integrating sensitive quantum systems into a practical computing technology
15:00 Harnessing cubits connecting them via entanglement for processing power
15:30 Avoiding the ‘noise’ of entanglement with external particles: near absolute zero conditions
20:40 The applications of quantum computing
21:30 Encryption via ‘no cloning’ keys
22:10 A quantum enhanced internet - more security
25:40 Developing new chemical compositions via quantum simulations
30:10 Quantum ‘teleportation’
35:40 Clarifying the role of light photons in quantum teleportation - it isn’t instantaneous
40:30 The limitations: When will we have a practically useful quantum computer (VS Neural network computers, see Vitaly Vanchurin episode)
45:30 Women in Science throughout history and the appropriation of their success by men
47:10 “Her Space, Her Time”, Shohini’s new book
47:40 The Mathilda effect: When men get credit for women’s work
52:30 Skew in The Nobel Prize and awards in general, and the risk of tokenism now
56:10 There is a lower ratio of women choosing science careers, but is that culturally biased data? See study
58:10 Work place related barriers for women
01:03:10 “Clues to the Cosmos” Shohini’s first book
01:05:10 The way new experiments force us to update our theories step by step
01:09:05 The implications of non-local probabilistic quantum phenomena
01:12:10 Matter is not fixed, reality is fluid
01:13:55 Measurement problem’s meaning: Even the separation between classical and quantum scale is fluid

References:
Shohini Ghose “Her Space, Her Time: How Trailblazing Women Scientists Decoded the Hidden Universe” 2023
https://g.co/kgs/bt9h63
A Beginners Guide to Quantum Computers, TED talk
https://www.ted.com/talks/shohini_ghose_a_beginner_s_guide_to_quantum_computing?language=en
Nobel prize for experiments confirming non-local realism and entanglement
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-universe-is-not-locally-real-and-the-physics-nobel-prize-winners-proved-it/
Vitaly Vanchurin - Neural network computers
https://www.chasingconsciousness.net/episode-38-vitaly-vanchurin-the-world-as-a-neural-network
The Matilda effect - Denial of women scientists contribution in research
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matilda_effect
A celebration of women scientists, TED talk
https://www.ted.com/talks/shohini_ghose_a_celebration_of_women_scientists_and_why_we_need_more_of_them
Bibha Chowdhury - Indian physicist who discovered the Mesons and Pions
https://www.telegraphindia.com/science-tech/the-woman-who-could-have-won-a-nobel/cid/1676488
Lise Meitner, discovered nuclear fission, was nominated 49 times for Nobel prize but never won
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lise_Meitner
Scientific Careers and Gender differences, A qualitative study
https://jcom.sissa.it/article/pubid/Jcom0701(2008)L01/
Shohini Ghose, “Clues to the Cosmos” 2019
https://g.co/kgs/PiuqF6

Видео #47 Shohini Ghose PHD - QUANTUM COMPUTERS EXPLAINED AND WOMEN IN SCIENCE канала Chasing Consciousness Podcast