Neurotransmitters of the human body

This is a overview of some common neurotransmitters found in the human body.

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ADDITIONAL TAGS:
Neurotransmitters
An introduction to chemicals that transmit information across the body, their functions, and their receptors
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Glutamate
GABA
Glycine
Amino acids
Monoamines
Catecholamines

Acetylcholine (ACh)
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Glutamate
GABA
Glycine
Found in:
Motor neurons
Brain: basal ganglia and nucleus basalis of Meynert
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Sympathetic (ganglion neurotransmitter)
Parasympathetic (both ganglion and final product)

Used in treatment of:
Alzheimer’s disease
Dementia

Receptors:
Ionotropic → nicotinic receptors, excitatory
Metabotropic → muscarinic receptors, excitatory or inhibitory

Serotonin (5-HT)
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Glutamate
GABA
Glycine
Found in:
Brain and brainstem
Pineal gland
Raphe nuclei in the pons
Limbic function (emotions/mood, hunger, sex, instincts, temperature) sleep

Used in treatment of:
Depression
Sleep regulation

Receptors:
Ionotropic → 5-HT3 receptor, excitatory
Metabotropic → 5-HT1-7 receptors, excitatory or inhibitory

Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Glutamate
GABA
Glycine
Found in:
Brain and brainstem
Substantia nigra (reward, addiction, movement)
Hypothalamus (inhibits prolactin release)

Used in treatment of:
Schizophrenia, psychosis
Parkinson’s disease

Receptors:
Ionotropic → none
Metabotropic
D1 → excitatory (K+/Ca2+)
D2 → inhibitory (K+/Ca2+)

Norepinephrine
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Glutamate
GABA
Glycine
Found in:
Brain: Locus ceruleus, projecting to cortex, for arousal, attention, and anxiety
ANS: sympathetic neurons (final product, postganglionic neurons)

Used in treatment of:
ADHD
Anxiety
Cardiac failure

Receptors:
Ionotropic → none
Metabotropic
α1 and β1 are excitatory
α2 and β2 are inhibitory

Glutamate
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Glutamate
GABA
Glycine
Found everywhere in CNS:
Excites the cerebral cortex, spinal cord, brainstem, hippocampus, cerebellum

Used in treatment of:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Lou Gehrig's disease
Excites motor, sensory, and cognitive neurons

Receptors (all excitatory):
Ionotropic
NMDA receptor
AMPA receptor
Kainate receptor
Metabotropic

gamma-Aminobutyric acid
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Glutamate
GABA
Glycine
Found everywhere in CNS:
Inhibits the cerebral cortex, spinal cord, brainstem, hippocampus, cerebellum, basal ganglia
Predominately found in interneurons

Used in treatment of:
Anxiety and rehab for drug abuse
Inhibits motor, sensory, and cognitive neurons → sedation, muscular/cardiorespiratory relaxation, inhibits pain/reflexes

Receptors (all inhibitory):
Ionotropic
GABAA receptor → Cl- channel (ligand-gated)
Metabotropic
GABAB receptor → decrease cAMP and increase K channels

Glycine
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Glutamate
GABA
Glycine
Found in the spinal cord:
Inhibits spinal cord interneurons
Used in treatment of:
Spasticity
Receptors (all inhibitory):
Ionotropic
Cl- channel

Видео Neurotransmitters of the human body канала MedLecturesMadeEasy