Climbing Stairs | Dynamic Programming #1 in Hindi | Recursion and Memoization Approach (LeetCode 70)

Dynamic programming is all about storing the answers to previous sub-problems to speed up our runtimes by avoiding repeating work that has already been done.
Memoization: An optimization technique used primarily to speed up computer programs by storing the results of expensive function calls and returning the cached result when the same inputs occur again.
Link to Problem - https://leetcode.com/problems/climbing-stairs/description/
Problem description: You are climbing a staircase. It takes n steps to reach to the top.
Each time you can either climb 1 or 2 steps. In how many distinct ways can you climb to the top?
Note: Given n will be a positive integer.

Example 1:
Input: 2
Output: 2
Explanation: There are two ways to climb to the top.
1. 1 step + 1 step
2. 2 steps

Example 2:
Input: 3
Output: 3
Explanation: There are three ways to climb to the top.
1. 1 step + 1 step + 1 step
2. 1 step + 2 steps
3. 2 steps + 1 step

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