Spelling-Sound Correlations in French for Beginners

(1) "-e" in word-final position -- Not pronounced
(2) "-s" to form a plural -- Not pronounced (except sometimes in liaison situations)
(3) "n" or "m" in word-final position OR before a different consonant -- Not pronounced
(4) "n" or "m" + vowel -- Pronounced
(5) "-ent" verb conjugation ending -- Not pronounced
(6) "é" -- Pronounced [e]
(7) monosyllables like "les", "ces", "mes" -- Pronounced with [e]
(8) "-er" at the end of "-er" verb infinitives -- Pronounced [e]
(9) "ou" -- Pronounced [u]
(10) "au", "eau" -- Pronounced [o]
(11) "u" -- Pronounced [y]
(12) "oi" -- Pronounced [wa]
(13) "oin" -- Pronounced [wɛ̃]
(14) V+"s"+V -- Pronounced [z]
(15) V+"ss"+V -- Pronounced [s]
(16) "g"+e OR "g"+i -- Pronounced [Ʒ]
(17) "g"+a OR "g"+o OR "g"+u -- Pronounced [g]
(18) "c"+e OR "c"+i -- Pronounced [s]
(19) "c"+a OR "c"+o OR "c"+u -- Pronounced [k]
(20) "ç"+a OR "ç"+o OR "ç"+u -- Pronounced [s]
(21) "e" in final position of monosyllables -- Pronounced [ə]
(22) pronounced vowel + "c" in word-final position -- Pronounced [k]
(23) pronounced vowel + "f" in word-final position -- Pronounced
(24) pronounced vowel + "l" in word-final position -- Probably Pronounced
(25) exceptions to Rule 24 : gentil, sourcil -- "l" Not Pronounced
(26) final "r" in "-eur" AND in monosyllables -- Pronounced
(27) final "r" in "-ir" and in "-oir" verb infinitives -- Pronounced
(28) final "r" in the spelling "-our" -- Pronounced
(29) final "-er" in polysyllabic words -- Normally Pronounced [e] (with some exceptions)
(30) other consonants in final position -- Probably Not Pronounced (with some exceptions)

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