Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 4 | Carbon and its Compounds - Soaps and Detergents

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✔️ Class: 10th
✔️ Subject: Chemistry
✔️ Chapter: Carbon and its Compounds (Chapter 4)
✔️ Topic Name: Carbon and its Compounds - Soaps and Detergents | Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 4
✔️ Topics Covered In This Video (by Abhishek Sir): This YouTube video is about Class 10 Science: Carbon and its Compounds, particularly the topic of soaps and detergents. It has been created by Abhishek Sir for the academic year. It covers topics from Chapter 4 of the Class 10 Chemistry curriculum, such as the structure of soaps and detergents, surfactants, formulation of soaps and detergents, cleansing action, and more. It is a detailed and comprehensive educational resource to help students understand and learn the concepts related to Carbon and its Compounds.
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00:00 Introduction: Carbon and its Compounds
00:21 Soaps and Detergents
36:31 Cleansing Action Soap
45:36 Why Detergents are more Effective than Soaps in hard Water ?
57:23 Website Overview
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Points covered in this video:-

Soaps and Detergents:
Soaps -
Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long chain carboxylic acids and have general formula RCOO-Na+.
Where , R = C15H31, C17H35 etc.

Detergents -
Detergents are usually ammonium or sulphonate salts of long chain carboxylic acids. They are also called as soapless soap.
Manufacture of Soaps and Detergents -
Soap are made from animal fats or vegetable oils by heating it with sodium hydroxide. This process of preparation of soap is called saponification.
This process of preparation of soap is called saponification.
Structure of a soap molecule -
- A soap molecule is made up of two parts - a long hydrocarbon part (or non-ionic part) and a short ionic part containing -COONa+ group.
- The long hydrocarbon part is hydrophobic and therefore insoluble in water but soluble in oil.
- The ionic portion of the soap molecule is hydrophilic so, soluble in water and insoluble in oil.

Cleansing Action of Soap:
- Soap molecules have different properties at their two ends. Its one end is hydrophilic (soluble in water) and other is hydrophobic (soluble in fats or oils).
- At the surface of water, the hydrophobic end or tail of soap will be insoluble in water and the soap will align along the surface of water with the ionic end in water and the hydrocarbon 'tail' protruding out of water.
- Inside water, these molecules show a unique orientation that keeps the hydrocarbon portion out of the water.
- This is done by forming clusters of molecules in which the hydrophobic tails are in the interior of the cluster and on the surface of cluster, ionic bonds are present.

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