How to Test ABS Wheel Speed Sensors for Resistance and AC Voltage

How to Test ABS Wheel Speed Sensors for Resistance and AC Voltage - The car in the video is a Saturn Vue 3.5L AWD 2007. However, the procedures shown in the video will apply to almost any vehicle with an ABS system!

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[Parts/Tools]
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[Symptoms]
ABS warning light will appear. Wheel traction decreases. Brakes locking up when braking in an emergency.

[Getting a diagnosis]
Get a tester that supports ABS codes for YOUR vehicle. All vehicles codes are different. If you have a GM, make sure it supports GM. Check the product website for your exact make and model and year before purchasing. Prices are $100 and up. Standard OBDII scanners WILL NOT work on ABS/AirBag/Transmission codes. The ABS scanner will tell you what the problem is and/or which sensor is faulty. At this stage you should perform visual checks on the sensor. Look for damage to the pins and wiring as these are the first signs of a faulty ABS sensor.

[Possible causes for sensor failure]
- Heat damage
- Contaminants damaging the sensor (oil, grease, dirt etc)
- Damage during replacement of braking components
- An internal short, a cracked housing, or moisture intrusion

[Active vs. Passive Sensors]
If a sensor is only "activated" when a supply voltage is applied and then generates an output signal, this is an "active" sensor.
If a sensor operates without additional supply voltage applied, this is a "passive" sensor.
Both passive (2-wire) and active (2 or 3-wire)
Check owners manual for which you have, a visual check cannot determine a passive sensor.

[Testing]
Most vehicles allow access to the ABS sensor harness inside the cabin, rather than having to jack the car up and take a wheel off. For front sensors, check near the inner strut towers – this is where the ABS sensor wires usually intrude into the engine bay. For rear sensors, under the rear seat cushion or inside the trunk are the common junction points.
Otherwise,
Raise and support the vehicle. Refer to Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle .
Disconnect the wheel speed sensor connector.

[Testing a PASSIVE sensor]
[Resistance] (Passive Only)
Measure the resistance across the wheel speed sensor (signal and ground leads)
Does the resistance measure within the specified range: 800-1700 ohms (If so, good sensor. Check owners manual for your tolerance)
If the resistance is constantly changing or increasing on the meter, the sensor is faulty.
If the multimeter indicates an open (no resistance) or short circuit, this is another indication that the sensor is faulty.

[Testing an ACTIVE sensor]
For this you will need to attach flying leads to the connector pins and then plug the sensor back in to measure the voltage!
At this point the ignition should be turned on so that power is supplied to the ABS system. Rotate the wheel, and if the voltage changes this means that the sensor is working. If the voltage does not change, this suggests that there is a problem with the wiring.

[AC Voltage Test]
Spin the wheel anti-clockwise
Measure the AC voltage across the wheel speed sensor.
Does the AC voltage measure greater than the specified value?
100 mV (Millivolts) / 0.1 volts (If so, good sensor)
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#ABSSensor #WheelSpeedSensors #ABS
Video Title: How to Test ABS Wheel Speed Sensors for Resistance and AC Voltage

Video File Created Date: Friday, 16 October, 2020 (Video may or may not have been captured on this date, it shows the date the video was last converted.)

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