Viking Archaeology: Fortresses

This post reviews what new research has revealed about Viking-age fortresses and their role in conflicts, especially King Harald Bluetooth's famous ring fortresses.

LITERATURE DISCUSSED
HILLFORTS
Iversen, F. 2019. Between Tribe and Kingdom–People, Land, and Law in Scandza AD 500–1350. In D. Skre (ed.), Rulership in 1st to 14th Century Scandinavia: Royal Graves and Sites at Avaldsnes and Beyond, De Gruyter, Berlin.

Ystgaard, I. 2014. Krigens Praksis. Organiserte voldsbruk og materiell kultur i Midt-Norge ca. 100-900 e.Kr. Trondheim.
BORGEBY AND TRELLEBORG IN SCANIA
Svanberg, F., Söderberg, B. and Karlsson, P., 1999. Den vikingatida borgen i Borgeby. Lund.

Jacobsson, B. et al. 1995. Trelleborgen: en av Harald Blåtands danska ringborgar. Trelleborg.

 
TRELLEBORG
Nørlund, P. 1948. Trelleborg. København

Dobat, A. S. 2013. Kongens Borge: Rapport over Undersøgelserne under Projektet Kongens Borge 2007–2010, Aarhus.

Price, T. D., Frei, K. M., Dobat, A. S., Lynnerup, N., and Bennike, P. 2011. Who was in Harold Bluetooth's army? Strontium isotope investigation of the cemetery at the Viking Age fortress at Trelleborg, Denmark. Antiquity 85: 476–489.

 
FYRKAT
Roesdahl, E., 1977. Fyrkat. En jysk vikingeborg II: Oldsagerne og gravpladsen. København. Full summary in English.

Olsen, O. and Schmidt, H., 1977. Fyrkat: En jysk vikingeborg: Borgen og bebyggelsen. København. Full summary in English.
NONNEBAKKEN
Runge, M. 2018. New archaeological investigations at Nonnebakken, a Viking age fortress in Odense. In Hansen, J., and Bruus, M. (eds.), The Fortified Viking Age: 36th Interdisciplinary Viking Symposium, Odense Bys Museer, Odense, pp. 44–59.

Runge, M., and Henriksen, M. B. 2018. The origins of Odense: New aspects of early urbanisation in southern Scandinavia. Danish Journal of Archaeology 7: 2–68.
AGGERSBORG
Roesdahl, E., Pedersen, A., Sindbæk, S., and Wilson, D. (eds.) (2014). Aggersborg: The Viking-Age Settlement and Fortress, Aarhus University Press, Aarhus.
BORGRING
Goodchild, H., Holm, N., and Sindbæk, S. M. (2017). Borgring: The discovery of a Viking age ring fortress. Antiquity 91: 1027–1042.

Christensen, J., Holm, N., Schultz, M. K., Sindbæk, S. M., and Ulriksen, J. (2018). The Borgring Project 2016–2018. In Hansen, J., and Bruus, M. (eds.), The Fortified Viking Age: 36th Interdisciplinary Viking Symposium, Odense Bys Museer, Odense, pp. 60–68.

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