Find Full video in the caption for this lesson on the Heart Failure sounds!

This is part 1️⃣ of 3️⃣ Heart Sounds, Murmurs & Heart Failure [Auscultation] read more below.

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[Full video] Heart Sounds, Murmurs & Heart Failure [Auscultation]
- Anatomy 👉🏼 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALa7WdJmWZU&t=2s

Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF)

✅ Overview

Heart failure just means the heart is unable to meet perfusion demands of the body. Acute heart failure is a sudden deterioration in cardiac function.

Either:
In a patient who was previously healthy (De Novo heart failure) or a patient with a previous cardiomyopathy (acute decompensated heart failure - ADHF). First lets understand some physiology.

✅ Physiology

Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by the heart in a minute. Given by Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume.

Remember that not all blood in the ventricle gets pumped out during systole. The volume of blood in the ventricle before it starts contracting is known as the End Diastolic Volume at about (~110 mL).

Typically only ~70 mL gets pumped out. This is referred to as the Stroke Volume (~70 mL). Ejection fraction is the fraction of blood in the ventricle that is pumped out. So Ejaction Fraction will be = Stroke Volume (70 mL) divided by End Diastolic Volume (110 mL). Which gives us ~64%, and remember a normal Ejaction Fraction is around 55-70%.

So let’s see the cardiac output. We will take a normal resting heart rate at 70 BPM x 70 mL = 4900 mL/min so ~5L per minute. In heart failure the cardiac output produced is just not enough to perfuse the body.

✅ Causes of Heart Failure 
 
Remember the heart is a pump. The blood vessels are pipes that enter and leave the pump. Heart failure is pump failure…  
 
1.Myocardial Infarction (MI) 
 
2. Acute valvulopathy such as a sudden rupture of a papillary muscle in a patient who recently had a MI, generating an acute and massive mitral regurgitation.
 
3. Arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation,  
 
4. Pulmonary embolism 
 
5. Myocarditis 
 
6. Drugs can also lead to heart failure such as over treatment with Beta blockers or inappropriate combinations like calcium channel blockers and beta blockers together. @rev.med 
 
✅ Signs and symptoms  
 
Shortness of breath (dyspnea), cough, leg swelling, chest pain, rales, cardiac murmurs, & other clinical signs.  
 
💭 More info on signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment coming soon in future notes and posts. 

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Видео Find Full video in the caption for this lesson on the Heart Failure sounds! канала REV MED