CodeSpear — the grammar-constrained decoding jailbreak

What is a grammar-constrained decoding jailbreak? CodeSpear shows how forcing an LLM's output to match a code grammar can strip its learned ability to refuse.

Grammar-constrained decoding (GCD) masks a model's next-token choices so the output always fits a code or JSON grammar — normally used for reliable structured output. The CodeSpear security paper notes that a natural-language refusal falls outside that grammar, so a constrained model can no longer express it. The proposed defense, CodeShield, does code-modality safety alignment so there is no single refusal pattern left to suppress.

Full explainer (interactive): https://learnaivisually.com/g/codespear-constrained-decoding-jailbreak
Source: https://huggingface.co/papers/2606.11817

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